EOC Macromolecules

Which best explains why enzymes are important biological systems?

• They hold all genetic information of a cell

• They accelerate the rate of chemical reactions

• They are necessary to maintain skin moisture

• They support structures to maintain body temperatures

Lee and Marisol are conducting a science experiment to identify different kinds of macromolecules in food. They prepare the following table to help them remember the chemical reactions that indicate the presence of each type of macromolecule they are studying. Suppose that one of the substances they are testing turns bright red when they add a few drops of Sudan stain. What is the basic molecular structure of the substance?

• glycerol combined with long chains of fatty acids

• strings of amino acids held together with peptide bonds

• short carbon chain or ring in which the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is 1 : 2 : 1

• polymer made up of many monosaccharides

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

How does a polymer of nucleotides encode genetic information?

• by the sequence of nitrogenous bases

• by the sequence of 5-carbon sugars

• by attaching sulfur groups to the phosphate groups

• by attaching carbohydrates to the 5-carbon sugars

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

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The diagram shows the general structure of an amino acid. Which type of molecule is formed from amino acids?

• lipids

• proteins

• carbohydrates

• nucleic acids

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which biomolecule is found in fats, oils, and waxes and is a source of long-term energy? 

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acid

• Lipids

• Carbohydrate

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NGSS.MS-LS1-7

The diagram shows the structure of glucose, a molecule that organisms make and use.

Glucose and similar molecules can be joined together to form polymers called polysaccharides. There are several types of polysaccharides, and each performs different functions in living organisms. Which of the following is not a type and function of polysaccharides?

• wax, for structure

• cellulose, for structure

• glycogen, to store sugar for energy

• starch, to store sugar for energy

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NGSS.MS-LS1-7

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What function in living things do glucose and similar molecules fulfill?

• They regulate cell processes.

• They form waterproof coverings.

• They transmit genetic information.

• They store and release energy.

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Which of the following functions of biological macromolecules can be carried out by both lipids and proteins?

• transfer genetic information

• function as chemical messengers

• control reaction rates

• help fight disease

Roger is comparing a model of a sugar molecule to a model of an amino acid. Which of the following evidence statements would be supported by the two models?

• Sugars and amino acids are made of exactly the same elements.

• Sugars and amino acids have the same structure.

• Sugars and amino acids are made of the same elements except amino acids also contain nitrogen.

• Sugars and amino acids are made of the same elements except sugars also contain phosphorus.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of quick energy for living things?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins