Living Environment Regents: Cells and Transport

Which dissolved substance do aquatic animals

remove from their external environment for use

in cellular respiration?

• carbon dioxide

• oxygen molecules

• ATP molecules

• nitrogen gas

The diagram below represents a cell.

Which letter indicates the specific structure where most hereditary mutations occur?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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Many hormones are proteins used in cellular communication. Each hormone carries a specific message to specific target cells. State why each of these hormones is able to deliver a different message.

Answer explanation

— Each hormone has a different shape and attaches to a specific receptor.

— Hormones differ in their shapes. If this shape were changed, the molecule would not send

the necessary message to the cell.

— Different sequences of amino acids make different hormones, giving them a unique shape.

— Cell receptors are specific for certain hormones.

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A step in a procedure used in the Diffusion Through a Membrane lab is represented in the diagram below. Which procedure is represented in the diagram?

• making an artificial cell

• adding distilled water to the top of a cover glass on a slide

• adding salt solution to a specimen under the cover glass

• making a thin sample to prepare a slide of red onion cells

State one way the two molecules could differ that would explain the difference in their ability to pass through

the artificial plant cell membrane.

Answer explanation

— Molecule A is smaller than molecule B.

— Molecule B has an electrical charge.

— They could be different sizes.

— size of the molecule

— One is a sugar/monosaccharide and the other is a starch/polysaccharide.

Identify the process responsible for the effect that the salt water had on the plants _______________

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Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires_____

• exercise

• light

• glucose

• oxygen

Explain why glucose molecules can cross a cell membrane and starch molecules can not.

According to the passage, the bionic pancreas makes corrective actions that return blood sugar levels back to normal. This artificial device helps

• produce more sugar

• break down blood cells

• maintain homeostasis

• cure their diabetes

Fermentation is cellular respiration without which molecule?

• CO₂

• O₂

• C₆H₁₂O₆

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