Unit 6 Chemistry Test

Some chemical substances explode under pressure. One such substance, nitrogen triiodide (NI3), explodes at even the lightest touch! When this happens, the nitrogen triiodide breaks down to form nitrogen (N2) and iodine (I2). As the products form, the air around the reaction becomes extremely hot.

• The chemical reaction is exothermic.

• The chemical reaction is endothermic.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Rainwater that contains more acid than normal is called acid rain. The additional acid in the rainwater can damage stone buildings and statues by speeding up erosion. For example, when acid rain falls on a marble statue, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in the acid rain interacts with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the marble, forming calcium sulfate (CaSO4). Calcium sulfate washes away easily in rain, so details in the statue can wear away.

In the chemical reaction described in the passage, which of the following are

products?

• calcium carbonate

• sulfuric acid

• calcium sulfate

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Have you ever eaten food that was cooked on a grill? Some grills are powered by propane gas. The propane combines with oxygen in the air to make carbon dioxide gas and water vapor. This process releases energy in the form of heat, creating a flame that cooks the food.

In this chemical reaction, water is a

• reactant

• product

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Hydrogen chloride is often used to help make a material found in plastic water pipes. It is produced when hydrogen gas and chlorine gas are mixed and heated. Consider the following reaction: 2 molecules of hydrogen (H₂) react with 2 molecules of chlorine (Cl₂) to produce some amount of hydrogen chloride (HCl). What is the number of hydrogen and chlorine atoms in the reaction?

• 4 hydrogen and 4 chlorine atoms

• 2 hydrogen and 2 chlorine atoms

• There is only one in HCl

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Select the subatomic particle that has a mass of 1 AMU.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

This illustration is a/an _____________

• compound

• element

• mixture of elements

• mixture of elements and compounds

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Sulfur dioxide is a gas released when volcanoes erupt. It can react with oxygen gas to form sulfur trioxide, a chemical that can harm living things. Consider the following reaction: 6 molecules of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) react with 3 molecules of oxygen (O₂) to produce some amount of sulfur trioxide (SO₃). What is the number of sulfur dioxide and oxygen atoms in the reaction?

• 12 sulfur dioxide and 6 oxygen atoms

• 6 sulfur and 18 oxygen atoms

• 12 sulfur dioxide and 12 oxygen atoms

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Plants make glucose, a sugar they can use for food, through a process called photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use energy from sunlight to make glucose from water and carbon dioxide. In the process of making glucose, plants also create most of the oxygen in the air we breathe.

In this chemical reaction, carbon dioxide is a

• reactant

• product

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

In 2016, over a third of the electricity used in the United States was generated from natural gas. Natural gas is made up mostly of methane (CH₄). Methane reacts with oxygen (O₂) to make carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O). As the reaction happens, chemical energy is converted to thermal energy, which is released into the surroundings. In power plants, this thermal energy is used to produce electricity.

During this chemical reaction, the air around the reaction becomes

• warmer

• colder

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Most plastics are made from oil or natural gas. One step in making plastics from these resources is called cracking. Cracking is a process that breaks down bigger molecules into smaller ones. In one cracking reaction, ethane (C₂H₆)

breaks down to become ethylene (C₂H₄) and hydrogen (H₂). During this process, thermal energy is absorbed from the surroundings and converted to chemical energy.

During this chemical reaction, the air arond the reaction becomes

• warmer

• colder

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4