Star Biology EOC

Salivary amylase is an enzyme in humans that breaks down starches. What substance would humans have difficulty digesting with this enzyme?

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins

• carbohydrates

Which best explains why the rate of a biochemical reaction decreases at high temperatures?

• The activation energy increases.

• The shape of the enzyme changes.

• The enzyme-substrate complex forms.

• The bonds between substrates are broken.

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A contractile vacuole helps protists eliminate excess liquid. This is a "pumping" process which reduces pressure inside the cell and prevents the cell from bursting. What is most likely the source of energy for this process?

• DNA

• lipids

• ATP

• ribosomes

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Which of these cells in the human body is specialized to transport oxygen throughout the body?

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During translation, what does the tRNA deliver to the ribosomes?

• amino acids

• DNA

• mRNA

• proteins

Which will most likely cause an increase in the frequency of genetic mutations in humans?

• increased exposure to mold spores in the air

• increased exposure to rising levels of atmospheric CO₂

• increased exposure to bacteria in drinking water

• increased exposure to X-rays

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Which molecules are joined together to make proteins?

• fatty acids

• nucleic acids

• amino acids

• acetic acids

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Which best summarizes the role of DNA in the production of proteins?

• DNA moves to the cytoplasm to build proteins

• DNA transports amino acids to the ribosomes to make proteins

• DNA contains the instructions used to make proteins

• DNA breaks hydrogen bonds between amino acids

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A student noticed that the freshwater plant, Elodea, produced bubbles when placed in direct light. What could the student most likely conclude?

• Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

• Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

• Bubbles of carbon dioxide were produced as a result of cellular respiration

• Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a a result of cellular respiration

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These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism. How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?

• As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity.

• Mutations in the cells' nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells.

• During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

• During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the nonactive DNA, leading to cell specialization.

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