Biology Benchmark

A hypothesis is a statement made by a scientist and —

• is always true

• is usually true

• can be tested

• is the same as a theory

A sample of mice are divided into two groups for an experiment. One group is fed a normal diet and the second group is given the same diet with extra iron. The animals receiving the normal diet are healthy; the animals in the second group are weaker and sickly. What is a possible hypothesis concerning this experiment?

• Extra calories in the diet has a negative effect on the health of mice.

• Extra iron in the diet has a negative effect on the health of mice.

• Living in small groups has a negative effect on the health of mice.

• Lack of sufficient water has a negative effect on the health of mice.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

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You suggest that the absence of water could prevent the growth of bread mold. This is —

• a conclusion

• an analysis

• an experiment

• a hypothesis

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A student observes that a plant in his window sill appears to be dying. Which is NOT a valid hypothesis for why his plant seems to be dying?

• The plant is receiving too little water.

• The plant is receiving too much water.

• The plant is receiving too much sunlight.

• The plant is 5 cm tall.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

An experiment is designed to determine the effect of green light versus natural light on the growth rate of bean plants. Bean plants of the same types are placed in similar pots with the same soil. They are watered the same amount over 14 days, and their growth is measured. One group of plants is placed in a window sill while another group of plants is placed under a green lamp. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

• The amount of water

• The type of pot

• The type of light

• The type of soil

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

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How does a control group differ from an experimental group in a scientific experiment?

• The control group does not contain the experimental variable, whereas the experimental group does.

• The control group does contain the experimental variable, whereas the experimental group does not

• The control group is not tested or measured.

• The control group contains more than one experimental variable.

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell?

• Energy production

• Protein synthesis

• DNA replication

• Photosynthesis

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Which of the following is a characteristic of all living organisms?

• Ability to move

• Ability to reproduce

• Ability to see

• Ability to think

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In an experiment, what is the purpose of a control group?

• To provide a standard for comparison

• To introduce a new variable

• To ensure the experiment is valid

• To eliminate errors

Which process is responsible for the genetic variation observed in offspring?

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

• Binary fission

• Budding

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2