Origin of Species AP Biology

The theory that organisms have slowly changed over time...

• fossil record

• relative dating

• evolution

• adaptation

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Which scientist is credited with the theory of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution?

• Charles Darwin

• Gregor Mendel

• Louis Pasteur

• Isaac Newton

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What is the main idea of Darwin's 'Origin of Species'?

• Inheritance of acquired traits

• Natural selection

• Spontaneous generation

• Catastrophism

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Which of the following is an example of an adaptation?

• A bird's beak shape suited for its food source

• A plant growing towards light

• A fish swimming upstream

• A mammal breathing oxygen

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What is the significance of the Galápagos Islands in the study of evolution?

• They are home to the oldest fossils

• They have unique species that helped Darwin develop his theory

• They are the largest islands in the Pacific

• They were the first islands discovered by Europeans

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Which of the following best describes 'survival of the fittest'?

• The strongest individuals survive

• The most intelligent individuals survive

• Individuals best adapted to their environment survive

• The largest individuals survive

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What role do mutations play in evolution?

• They always harm the organism

• They provide genetic variation

• They prevent evolution

• They are always beneficial

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How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?

• It occurs in nature without human intervention

• It is driven by human choice

• It does not lead to evolution

• It is slower than natural selection

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Which of the following is a vestigial structure in humans?

• Appendix

• Heart

• Liver

• Brain

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What is the bottleneck effect in evolutionary biology?

• A large population becomes isolated

• A small population grows rapidly

• A population's size is reduced drastically

• A population migrates to a new area