Ecology AP

What is a niche?

• A species that outcompetes others in an area

• The level on a food chain an organism occupies

• An organisms role in an ecosystem and the resources they obtain

• A species that disproportionately affects an ecosystem

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A herd of zebras would be considered a

• community

• species

• ecosystem

• population

Which of the following encompasses all the others?

• ecosystem

• community

• population

• individual

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__________ primary productivity is the total amount of energy that producers convert to chemical energy in organic molecules per unit of time.   

• Net

• Total

• Gross

• None of the above

__________productivity = the organic materials that remain after photosynthetic organisms in the ecosystem have used some of these compounds for their cellular energy needs (cellular respiration).

• Gross

• Primary

• Net

• Secondary

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The habitat of a moth species included trees with both light and dark colored bark.Therefore the moth species included both light and dark colored variants.Then the light-colored trees were wiped out by a disease, and within a few years nearly all the moths in this forest were dark colored. Which of the following choices BEST explains what happened?

• The light moths that survived all had dark offspring in order to adapt to the change.

• The dark moths were less visible to predators, so mostly light moths were eaten.

• The few light moths that survived did not mate, and therefore they had no offspring.

• The light moths changed their wing pigments to darker colors to avoid being eaten.

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Globally, the leading cause of biodiversity loss is 

• invasive species

• poaching and overharvesting

• pollution

• habitat change and loss 

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Northern foxes can have different fur colors.The foxes hunt squirrels for food. Foxes that have fur the same color as their environment are better at getting closer to squirrels and catching them.The diagram shows a population of foxes that live in one area. At time 1, the population had the same number of brown and white foxes. At time 2, after many generations, there were many more brown foxes and fewer white foxes in the population.
How did the environment change between time 1 and time 2? How did the population change?

• You cannot tell how the environment changed. With each generation, more foxes passed on the gene for brown fur to their offspring.

• The environment became brown. Brown foxes are more likely to survive, so the white foxes changed to have brown fur.

• The environment became brown. Brown foxes are more likely to survive, so both kinds of foxes passed on the gene for brown fur to their offspring.

• The environment became brown. With each generation, more brown foxes survived long enough to pass on the gene for brown fur to their offspring.

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What affect will continued rise in global temperature most likely have on worldwide biodiversity?

• It will have no effect as there is plenty of time for organisms to adapt

• It will increase due to warmer temperatures

• It will increase due to greater plant production from more CO2

• It will decrease due to massive habitat destruction

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In what way are humans most impacting the biodiversity of ecosystems around the world?

• a. We are putting too many organisms in zoos or keeping them as pets

• b. We are increasing biodiversity by breeding new species

• c. We are destroying the habitats of a large number of species

• d. Recreational hunting

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