EOC Biology Protein Synthesis

SC.912.L.16.3 ATCAGTGAT A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. If the DNA sequence shown here goes through transcription and translation, how many amino acids will result from this sequence?

• 5

• 4

• 2

• 3

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Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?

• ribosome - protein synthesis

• mitochondrion - movement

• vacuole - cell division

• nucleus - storage of nutrients

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During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism.

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a change in phenotype.

• Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur

• It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.

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SC.912.L.16.3 Why do cells need both tRNA and mRNA?

• Only mRNA can be used to repair mistakes in the DNA sequence.

• Only tRNA bends into a shape that can carry specific amino acids

• The tRNA in used on the ribosomes and the mRNA is used in the nucleus

• The mRNA brings information to the nucleus for the tRNA to use.

If there is an error in transcription, what could happen as a result?

• The nucleotides that make up the protein will change.

• The protein that is made will not be affected.

• New amino acids will be created to make a new protein.

• The protein that is made may have a different structure or function.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What is the product of transcription?

• DNA

• mRNA

• tRNA

• proteins

In what process is mRNA synthesized?

• Transcription

• Translation

• DNA Replication

• Mitosis

During transcription, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for copying the DNA and brining it out of the nucleus.

• tRNA

• mRNA

• rRNA

• dRNA

Where does TRANSCRIPTION occur?

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Cytoplasm

• Mitochondria

When these bond together, they form a protein

• Amino Acids

• Peptide Bonds

• Ribose

• Nucleotides

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

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