AP Biology Final Review

Which of the following can affect enzymes? Select all that apply.

• Temperature

• pH

• Salinity

• Presence of Inhibitors

• Substrate Concentration

Label the following

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

CO2

NADPH and ATP

Photosystem I

sunlight

water

NADP+ and ADP

Oxygen

Photosystem II

ETC

Glucose

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Label the following

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

Krebs Cycle

NADH

Glucose

CO2

ETC

Glycolysis

Pyruvate

FADH2

ATP

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Reorder the following by how many phosphates it has.

• ATP

• AMP

• ADP

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is further metabolized in the Krebs cycle. A researcher measured the accumulation of acetyl-CoA in a reaction containing pyruvate and pyruvate dehydrogenase under several different conditions. Which of the following best describes the cellular location where pyruvate dehydrogenase is most likely active?

• The cytosol

• The lysosomes

• The nucleus

• The mitochondrial matrix

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Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration?

• Synthesis of Acetyl CoA

• Citric Acid Cycle

• Glycolysis

• ETC

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Match the following information to exergonic or endergonic reactions.

Groups:

(a) Exergonic

,

(b) Endergonic

• anabolic reactions

• catabolic reactions

• releases energy

• 
• requires energy

• ex - amino acids link to form muscle protein

• 
• Degradative (breaks down) pathway

• ex - digestive enzymes break down food

• ex - cellular respiration

• • Constructive (building) pathway

• ex - photosynthesis

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What does induced fit mean?

• Induced fit is a model describing how enzymes adjust their shape to better fit a substrate upon binding.

• Induced fit refers to the process of enzyme denaturation.

• Induced fit is a term used to describe the static nature of enzyme-substrate complexes.

• Induced fit means that enzymes cannot change shape during the reaction.

Match the following information to the correct place.

Groups:

(a) Aerobic

,

(b) Anaerobic

• • Occurs in the cytosol/cytoplasm

• without O2

• with O2

• makes lots of ATP

• Release energy from breakdown of food

• respiration

• Keep glycolysis going by regenerating NAD+

• fermentation

• Occurs mainly in the mitochondria

• makes little ATP

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Match the following information to the correct fermentation

Groups:

(a) Alcohol

,

(b) Lactic Acid

• Makes ethanol

• Ex. fungi, bacteria, human muscle cells

• Makes lactic acid

• Examples: bacteria, yeast

• • Used in brewing, winemaking, baking

• Used to make cheese, yogurt, acetone, methanol

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