Biology STAAR Practice Review

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

• Provides energy for the cell

• Control center and contains genetic material

• Regulates cell growth

• Stores waste materials

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Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis.

• Mitosis and meiosis both result in two identical daughter cells.

• Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes, while meiosis results in four non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes.

• Mitosis results in four identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes.

• Meiosis results in two non-identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes.

How is energy transferred in an ecosystem?

• Through a food chain or food web

• Through telepathy

• Via time travel

• By dancing

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Describe the process of photosynthesis.

• Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose molecules.

• Photosynthesis is a process that does not involve any energy conversion.

• Photosynthesis occurs only in animals.

• Photosynthesis is the process of converting chemical energy into light energy.

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Two organisms that are closely related would have

• very similar DNA sequence

• exactly the same DNA sequences

• no proteins in common

• completely different DNA sequence

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What is the role of DNA in heredity?

• DNA serves as the genetic material that carries hereditary information.

• DNA is only responsible for physical traits, not heredity

• DNA plays a role in digestion, not heredity

• DNA is only found in plants, not animals

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How do cells obtain energy for their functions?

• Through cellular respiration

• From consuming other cells

• By absorbing sunlight directly

• Through photosynthesis

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Explain the process of cellular respiration.

• Cellular respiration does not involve the production of ATP.

• Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. It involves three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

• Cellular respiration is the process of photosynthesis in plants.

• Cellular respiration only occurs in animal cells.

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How do environmental factors influence gene expression?

• Environmental factors have no impact on gene expression

• Environmental factors can influence gene expression by affecting transcription factors, DNA methylation, chromatin structure, and RNA processing.

• Environmental factors only influence gene expression in non-human organisms

• Gene expression is solely determined by genetics

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What is the function of the nucleus?

• Structure that organizes motion of chromosomes

• Membrane that surrounds and protects the cell

• Structure that stores genetic information and directs the cell

• Stack of membranes that packages chemicals

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