Evidence for Evolution: Practice and Darwin vs Lamarck

From an evolutionary perspective, organisms that share a common ancestor have structures that are similar, but have different functions.These similar structures are known as

• vestigial structures

• analogous structures

• homologous structures

• fossil structures

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct from the evolutionary perspective?

• Fossil A and C are the same age

• Fossil B is older than fossil C

• Fossils A is older than fossil B

• Fossil D is older than fossil C

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce:

• Fewer mutations

• Stronger genes

• More offspring

• Better traits

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NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Which process of evolution is demonstrated below?

• Comparative anatomy

• Homologous structures

• Comparative embryology

• Vestigial structures

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NGSS.MS-LS4-3

Whales are aquatic mammals that contain a pelvis bone.  Even though it does not aid in its movement, the function must have been used by a common ancestor of the whale.  Thus, the pelvis is referred to as a(n)

• vestigial structure

• analogous structure

• homologous structure

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

What type of structures are these?

• Homologous

• Analogous

• Vestigial

• Fossils

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

What type of evidence of evolution is being demonstrated?

• Fossil record

• Vestigial structures

• Homologous structures

• Comparative DNA

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

The human gene for muscle protein differs from the muscle protein in monkeys in 4 places. It differs from chickens in 25 places. According to this information, which organism is more closely related to humans?

• Monkeys are more closely related because their proteins have fewer differences.

• Chickens are closer to humans because there are more genes.

• Monkeys are closer to humans because they both have the exact same genes.

• Neither organism is related to humans.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

About how long ago did the first primates appear on Earth according to fossil evidence?

• About 100 million years ago

• About 100 years ago

• About 2 million years ago

• About 225 million years ago

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

The large ground finch obtains food by cracking seeds. Its short, strong beak is an example of

• a vestigial structure

• an analogous structure

• an adaptation

• a mutation

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-4