Science Cast Review

A student skateboards back and forth on a ramp, as shown in the figure above. The student comes to a complete stop at the top of the ramp. 

Motion sensors on the ramp collect data on speed and kinetic energy.  The data is graphed above. 

What happens when the student moves from position A to B?

Select two correct answers:

• speed approximately doubles

• kinetic energy approximately quadruples

• speed is reduced

• kinetic energy doubles

Answer explanation

When the student moves from position A to B, the speed approximately doubles and the kinetic energy approximately quadruples, while the speed is reduced.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Students used a computer simulation to determine the variables that affect the gravitational force between two objects. Choose the claim that best agrees with the data from the chart:

• Mass does not affect the gravitational force between two objects.

• Mass is the only variable that affects the gravitational force between two objects.

• Distance is the only variable that affects the gravitational force between two objects.

• Both mass and distance are variables that affect the gravitational force between two objects.

Answer explanation

Both mass and distance are variables that affect the gravitational force between two objects as shown in the data from the chart.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

Students used a computer simulation to determine the variables that affect the gravitational force between two objects.

As the mass of the objects increased, the gravitational force between them _________.

• increased

• decreased

• stayed the same

Answer explanation

As the mass of the objects increased, the gravitational force between them increased. This is because gravitational force is directly proportional to the mass of the objects involved.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

The movement of this particle is responsible for electrical energy​

• electron

• proton

• neutron

• nucleus

Answer explanation

The movement of electrons is responsible for electrical energy, making it the correct choice among the options provided.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-3

Nathan lost his balance when he hit the bag with a hard punch. He says that was because of the reaction force from his punch, which was large because the bag is heavy. Is he correct?

• Yes, he is correct.

• No, it is not the weight, it is the large mass of the bag that gives the large reaction force.

• No, the reaction force depends on the force of Nathan's punch, not on the mass of the bag.

• No, the bag does not exert a reaction force, because it is flexible.

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'No, the reaction force depends on the force of Nathan's punch, not on the mass of the bag.' The reaction force is determined by the force applied, not the mass of the bag.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Nathan notices that when the bag moves away from him, it swings upward. Then, it slows to a stop and then swings back. Nathan knows that the _____ energy of the bag is converted to gravitational potential energy as the bag swings upward.

• kinetic

• potential

• thermal

• elastic

Answer explanation

The correct choice is kinetic because as the bag moves away from Nathan, it has kinetic energy which is then converted to gravitational potential energy as it swings upward.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Marcia and her father are on a seesaw at a park. Since her father is heavier, he can only balance the seesaw if he sits closer to the pivot of the seesaw than Marcia does. Marcia has a mass of 40 kg. Her father has a mass of 80 kg. While the seesaw has a mass of 8 kg. The total gravitational force on Marcia, her father, and the seesaw is _____ Newtons downward.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

When the seesaw is balanced, the force the pivot exerts on the seesaw is 1254 N ___________.

• upward

• downward

• to the right

• to the left

Answer explanation

When the seesaw is balanced, the force the pivot exerts on the seesaw is 1254 N upward to maintain equilibrium.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

A student conducts 5 trials to investigate factors affecting the formation of impact craters and here are the results. Which statement BEST describes the results of the investigation?

• The kinetic energy of the marble just before impact is proportional to the depth of the crater it forms

• The kinetic energy of the marble just before impact is proportional to the mass of the marble

• The depth of the crater is proportional to the mass of the marble

• The depth of the crater is proportional to the mass of the marble

Answer explanation

The kinetic energy of the marble just before impact is proportional to the depth of the crater it forms

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A scientist measure the amplitude and wavelength of waves in the ocean and calculates the amount of energy contained in one square meter of water for each wave.

The data and calculations for four different waves are shown in the table. Which wave characteristics, if any, does the energy in the wave depend on,

• Amplitude

• Wavelength

• Energy

• Amplitude and Wavelength

Answer explanation

The energy in the wave depends on the Amplitude, as shown in the data and calculations for the four different waves.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-1