Quiz about Biology Biochemistry

Question 1

In living cells, enzymes act as catalysts, which may reduce the amount of activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur. In the graphs below, pathway x is a solid line representing the uncatalyzed reaction. The dotted line shows the catalyzed reaction. Which graph best illustrates the changes in a reaction when the catalyst reduces the amount of energy required?

Accepted Answer

D

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

C

Question 2

The diagram shows the general structure of an amino acid. Which type of molecule is formed from amino acids?

Accepted Answer

proteins

Answer

lipids

Answer

carbohydrates

Answer

nucleic acids

Question 3

What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

The reaction rate will increase.

Answer

The equilibrium of the reaction will be maintained.

Answer

The reaction rate will decrease.

Answer

The reaction will stop.

Question 4

A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base form the building blocks of which organic compound?

Accepted Answer

nucleic acids

Answer

carbohydrates

Answer

lipids

Answer

proteins

Question 5

Amino Acids:

Accepted Answer

are the building blocks from which proteins are made.

Answer

are a type of marinade.

Answer

help transport fats in the body.

Answer

are only found in plants.

Question 6

How many different amino acids are there?

Accepted Answer

20

Answer

10

Answer

18

Answer

Thousands

Question 7

Which is one characteristic of non-essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

They can be synthesized by the human body.

Answer

They are not required for essential bodily processes.

Answer

They are required from a healthy diet.

Answer

They can recycle nitrogen from a healthy diet.

Question 8

What are essential amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids that are cannot be made by the body

Answer

Amino acids that control essential functions like respiration

Answer

Amino acids that are more abundant than non-essential amino acids

Answer

Amino acids that every biological molecule contains

Question 9

Amino Acids

Accepted Answer

Building blocks of proteins

Answer

Fossils of soft-bodied Proterozoic organism

Answer

Deepest, most stable part of a continent

Answer

Hot water vent at volcanic seafloor rift

Question 10

Amino acids are the building blocks of...

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Atoms

Question 11

The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.

Answer

The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia.

Answer

The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action.

Answer

There is no connection between the two statements.

Question 12

The enzyme lactase will break down the sugar lactose into which of the following components?

Accepted Answer

monosaccharides

Answer

nucleic acids

Answer

amino acids

Answer

phospholipids

Question 13

As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloride acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

It becomes inactive.

Answer

It begins to replicate.

Answer

It's shape changes to engulf large proteins.

Answer

It's activity increases to digest more proteins.

Question 14

Fats, oils and cholesterol are all types of what?

Accepted Answer

lipids

Answer

cell membranes

Answer

hormones

Answer

fatty acids

Question 15

Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?

Accepted Answer

Water exhibits cohesive behavior.

Answer

Water expands as it freezes.

Answer

Water is an excellent solvent.

Answer

Water is able to moderate temperature.

Question 16

You are analyzing a compound in the laboratory. You find that it is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. How will you classify the compound?

Accepted Answer

carbohydrate

Answer

lipid

Answer

protein

Answer

nucleic acid

Question 17

Figure 1 represents a segment of DNA. Radiation can damage the nucleotides in a DNA molecule. To repair some types of damage, a single nucleotide can be removed from a DNA molecule and replaced with an undamaged nucleotide. Which of the four labeled bonds in Figure 1 could be broken to remove and replace the cytosine nucleotide without affecting the biological information coded in the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Bonds Y and Z at the same time

Answer

Bond X only

Answer

Bond W only

Answer

Bonds W and Z at the same time

Question 18

Which of the following statements is correct about the molecule shown in Figure 1 ?

Accepted Answer

It is DNA because of the nucleotides present.

Answer

It is RNA because of the relative direction of the two strands.

Answer

It is RNA because of the number of different nucleotides found in the molecule.

Answer

It is DNA because of the nature of the hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine.

Question 19

Which statement describes how water is pulled up through the xylem to the leaves of the plant?

Accepted Answer

As water exits the leaf, hydrogen bonding between water molecules pulls more water up from below.

Answer

As water exits the leaf, signals are sent to the roots to pump more water up to the leaves through the xylem by adhesion.

Answer

Evaporation from the leaf decreases the hydrogen bonds that form between the water molecules in the xylem, which helps the water molecules to be pulled up the xylem.

Answer

Evaporation of water from the leaf increases the hydrogen bonds that form between water molecules in the air, providing the energy for transport.

Question 20

Which of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Provide energy

Answer

Store genetic information

Answer

Build muscle tissue

Answer

Regulate body temperature

Question 21

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They act as catalysts to speed up reactions

Answer

They slow down reactions

Answer

They are consumed in the reaction

Answer

They provide energy for the reaction

Question 22

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Answer

A sugar and a fatty acid

Answer

An amino acid and a phosphate group

Answer

A nitrogenous base and a lipid

Question 23

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded

Answer

DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine

Answer

DNA is single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded

Answer

DNA is made of amino acids, while RNA is made of nucleotides

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