AP Biology Review

Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

• The two strands of the double helix would separate.

• The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

• All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

• The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the atoms described in Figure 2.1?

• They are isotopes.

• They each contain 1 neutron.

• They are compounds.

• They are polymers.

• They contain 1 and 3 protons, respectively.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

The reactivity of an atom arises from

• the sum of the potential energies of all the electron shells.

• the potential energy of the valence shell.

• the average distance of the outermost electron shell from the nucleus.

• the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-1

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

Which of the following statements correctly describes any chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium?

• The reaction is now irreversible.

• The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

• Both forward and reverse reactions have halted.

• The concentrations of products and reactants are equal.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-6

Explain how the structure of the cell membrane contributes to its function.

• The rigid structure provides support and protection.

• The fluid mosaic model allows selective permeability.

• The thick layer prevents all substances from entering.

• The solid structure allows for easy transport of materials.

Compare and contrast the functions of the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

• Both synthesize proteins; the rough ER also detoxifies chemicals.

• The smooth ER synthesizes lipids; the rough ER synthesizes proteins.

• Both store calcium ions; the smooth ER also synthesizes proteins.

• The rough ER detoxifies chemicals; the smooth ER stores genetic material.

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

• It stores DNA.

• It synthesizes ribosomal RNA.

• It regulates cell division.

• It modifies proteins.

Describe the role of ribosomes in a cell.

• They store genetic information.

• They synthesize proteins.

• They break down waste materials.

• They transport substances across the cell membrane.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

• Photosynthesis

• Protein synthesis

• Energy production

• Lipid storage

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

A cell is observed to have a large number of lysosomes. What might this indicate about the cell's function?

• It is involved in energy production.

• It is involved in protein synthesis.

• It is involved in waste processing and recycling.

• It is involved in lipid storage.