Natural Selection

How did the environment change between time 1 and time 2? How did the population change?

(HINT:Ducks with thinner feathers withstand hot environments, but die in cold. Ducks with thick feathers die in hot environments, but thrive in cold.)

• The water became warm. As a result, ducks with thin feathers were more likely to survive, so the ducks with thick feathers changed to have thin feathers.

• The water became warm. As a result, ducks with thin feathers were more likely to survive, so both kinds of ducks passed on the gene for thin feathers to their offspring.

• The water became warm. With each generation, more ducks with thin feathers survived long enough to pass on the gene for thin feathers to their offspring.

• You cannot tell how the environment changed. With each generation, more ducks passed on the gene for thin feathers to their offspring.

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Which prediction best shows what the population could look like after many generations? What caused it to change? These snake populations used to live in a mostly dirt and sand. Now grass and plants grow in their environment.

• Prediction 1 is best. Two yellow or red snakes had a baby with a mutation in its genes for the green-skin trait. Because green snakes are more likely to survive, that baby survived long enough to pass on its mutation, so the green trait became more common over generations.

• Prediction 1 is best. Green snakes are more likely to survive, so yellow and red snakes began to have offspring with mutations in their genes for the green-skin trait so that their offspring would have a better chance of surviving.

• Prediction 2 is best. A snake could have been born with a mutation in its genes for the green-skin trait and lived for a little while. Because green snakes are more likely to die, it would have been more likely to die before it had offspring, so the final population will only have yellow and red snakes.

• Prediction 2 is best. A snake could have been born with a mutation in its genes for the green-skin trait, but having a mutation in its genes would have caused it to die when it was born, so the final population will only have yellow and red snakes.

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If their environment changes to have warm water, which of the following seal populations will most likely survive?

(HINT: Seals with thicker blubber are more likely to stay warm and survive in cold ocean waters. But, in warm ocean waters, thicker blubber can make the seals overheat and die.)

• Populations 1 and 2 will most likely survive.

• Populations 2 and 3 will most likely survive.

• Only Population 2 will survive because it is the only population with variation.

• All the populations will survive because the seals will change the thickness of their blubber if they need to.

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The river bottoms are covered in rocks. Guppies with spots that are the same size as the rocks on the bottom are harder for bigger fish to see and catch.

7. How did the environment change between time 1 and time 2? How did the population change?

• You cannot tell how the environment changed. With each generation, more guppies passed on the gene for small spots to their offspring.

• The rocks became smaller. With each generation, more guppies with small spots survived long enough to pass on the gene for small spots to their offspring.

• The rocks became smaller. Guppies with small spots are more likely to survive, so the guppies with large spots changed to have small spots.

• The rocks became smaller. Guppies with small spots are more likely to survive, so both kinds of guppies passed on the gene for small spots to their offspring.

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Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection. (a)  

• Survival of the Fittest

• Extinction

• Derived trait

• Artificial Selection

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The mechanism that causes evolution is ​ (a)   .

• natural selection

• biogeography

• vestigial structures

• homologous structures

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One mechanism that causes evolution is ​ (a)   .

• natural selection

• biogeography

• vestigial structures

• homologous structures

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Which prediction best shows what the population could look like after many generations? What caused it to change?

• Prediction 1 is best. Two brown or gray foxes had a baby with a mutation in its genes for the white-fur trait. Because white foxes are more likely to survive, that baby survived long enough to pass on its mutation, so the white-fur trait became more common over generations.

• Prediction 1 is best. White foxes are more likely to survive, so brown and gray foxes began to have offspring with mutations in their genes for the white-fur trait so that their offspring would have a better chance of surviving.

• Prediction 2 is best. A fox could have been born with a mutation in its genes for the white-fur trait and lived for a little while. Because white foxes are more likely to die, it would have been more likely to die before it had offspring, so the final population will only have brown and gray foxes.

• Prediction 2 is best. A fox could have been born with a mutation in its genes for the white-fur trait, but having a mutation in its genes would have caused it to die when it was born, so the final population will only have brown and gray foxes.

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If their environment changes so that there are many floods each year, which of the following lizard populations will most likely survive?

(HINT: Lizards with shorter legs are better at climbing trees than lizards with longer legs. This makes lizards with shorter legs better at escaping from the floods that sometimes cover the islands.)

• All the populations will survive because the lizards will change the length of their legs if they need to.

• Populations 1 and 2 will most likely survive.

• Populations 2 and 3 will most likely survive.

• Only Population 2 will survive because it is the only population with variation.

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How did the environment change between time 1 and time 2? How did the population change?

(HINT: Tree squirrels can have different fur colors.

Squirrels live in forests where foxes also live. Foxes hunt squirrels for food. Squirrels that have fur that is the same color as the trees are harder for the foxes to see and catch.)

• You cannot tell how the environment changed. With each generation, more squirrels passed on the gene for black fur to their offspring.

• There were more black trees. Squirrels with black fur are more likely to survive, so the squirrels with gray fur changed to have black fur.

• There were more black trees. Squirrels with black fur are more likely to survive, so both types of squirrels passed on the gene for black fur to their offspring.

• There were more black trees. With each generation, more squirrels with black fur survived long enough to pass on the gene for black fur to their offspring.

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