Biology EOC Questions

Enzymes are proteins that help increase the rate of chemical reactions inside cells. These proteins are composed of many simpler molecules called amino acids. Which of the following suggests that the shape of an enzyme determines the enzyme’s function?

• Enzymes are specific to a substrate

•  Enzymes can operate in a wide range of conditions.

• Enzymes are activated by neighboring molecules.

• Enzymes can be found in all life-forms.

Which of these must occur during S phase of the cell cycle so that two daughter cells can be produced during M phase?

•  The DNA must be replicated.

• The chromosomes must be joined.

• The cytoplasm must be separated.

•  The cell membrane must be expanded.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

A student sets up a compost bin outdoors. Inside the bin microorganisms convert the student’s vegetable and paper scraps into rich fertilizer. Which of the following best describes the role that these microorganisms play in natural habitats?

• The microorganisms help balance the numbers of producers and consumers.

•  The microorganisms help keep nutrients cycling through the ecosystem.

•  The microorganisms turn solar energy into sugars.

• The microorganisms function as autotrophs.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which of these statements best explains the process of energy conversion that takes place in the mitochondria?

• Energy is required for carbon dioxide molecules to form six-carbon sugar molecules.

• Water molecules and radiant energy are necessary for anaerobic respiration to take place.

• Oxygen molecules release energy in the form of heat during combustion reactions.

• The energy in the bonds of glucose molecules is transferred to the phosphate bonds in ATP.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

What is the term used to describe the movement of alleles between populations?

• Genetic drift

• Gene flow

• Natural selection

• Mutation

Leaves are part of a plant’s shoot system. The xylem tissue in leaves transports —

• the bacteria needed for nitrogen fixation in root nodules

• the wax required to coat the surface of actively growing tissue

•  the water and minerals that are absorbed by the roots

• the oxygen that regulates the rate of carbohydrate production

Some organisms have genes that improve their ability to survive and reproduce. If the genes also help their offspring survive and reproduce, then which of the following will most likely increase?

• The frequency of the genes in one individual

• The frequency of the genes in the population

• The number of genes in one chromosome

• The number of genes in the species

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Which of the following are missing from the food web shown above?

• producers

• decomposers

• omnivores

• carnivores

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

Proteins and polysaccharides are polymers. These polymers are formed by dehydration synthesis. Which statement correctly identifies a difference in the structure of proteins and polysaccharides?

• Only polysaccharides are comprised of repeating units of cytosine, adenine, guanine, and thymine.

• Only proteins are formed from amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

• Only polysaccharides can be folded and twisted to very specific shapes.

• Only proteins can be large molecules with thousands of subunits.

Both euglena and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic unicellular organisms found in pond water. The feature that distinguishes euglena from cyanobacteria is the —

• ability to maintain homeostasis

• presence of ribosomes

• ability to reproduce

•  presence of a nuclear membrane