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Scientists find a fossil of a fish on top of a mountain. What kind of evidence does the fossil provide scientists about the way this area might have changed over time?

• a. It shows that fish were once able to live without water.

• b. It shows that oceans can change quickly and become land.

• c. It shows that the animals found on the mountain today evolved from fish.

• d. It shows that the mountain may have once been under water and raised up by natural processes.

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Scientists have found evidence that suggests that parts of Florida were once underwater. What kind of evidence could suggest this?

• a

• b

• c

• d

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Raj’s class is learning about natural processes that change Earth over long periods of time. Which example is NOT a natural process that changes Earth over time?

• a

• b

• c

• d

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Which of the following best describe the processes of erosion and weathering?

• The transport of rocks and scratching of the rock below are both examples of weathering.

• The transport of the rocks is an example of erosion and the scratching of the rocks below is an example of weathering.

• The transport of the rocks is an example of weathering and the scratching of the rocks below is an example of erosion.

• The transport of rocks and scratching of the rock below are both examples of erosion.

This geologic history provides information about the structure of the Eath's crust and supports the theory of plate tectonics. How do the Hawaiian Islands support the theory of plate tectonics?

• Each island is located on a different tectonic plate.

• The age of each island increases with distance from the hot spot.

• Hot spots form over subduction zones where tectonic plates come together.

• Hot spots occur at divergent plate boundaries commonly located in the middle of an ocean.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

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Lori is learning about two parts of the rock cycle: weathering and erosion. She needs to explain how weathering and erosion are different. Which of the following correctly describes the difference between weathering and erosion?

• Weathering is the movement of rocks by the wind; erosion is the movement of rocks by the water.

• Weathering is the breaking down of rocks; erosion is the movement of weathered materials.

• Weathering is the formation of rocks from lava; erosion is the weathered materials from an area.

• Weathering is when rocks change from one type of rock to another; erosion is when rocks are broken down.

The photograph shows mountains in the Andes range in South America. Which statement describes the geologic process that is most likely responsible for the formation of these mountains?

• They are along a plate boundary in which plates are currently converging, causing uplift and steep slopes.

• They are along a transform plate boundary that is no longer active, so erosion is creating deep valleys.

• They are along a transform plate boundary in which plates are currently moving side by side, causing earthquakes and faults.

• They are along a plate boundary in which plates diverged in the distant past, allowing the new rock to build up.

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A mid-ocean ridge is located at the boundary of two tectonic plates. Which diagram correctly models the relative plate motion on each side of a mid-ocean ridge?

• 
• 
• 
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About 90% of the world's earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire. What is the best explanation for the close association between volcanoes and earthquakes?

• This is an area of diverging plate boundaries.

• This is an area of converging plate boundaries.

• This is an area of transform fault plate boundaries.

• This is an area known for hot spots.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

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You observe bacteria fossils in the upper layers of a rock you found in your backyard. However, you do not observe any fossils in the rock's bottom layers. Which of the following best support your observations?

• The rock formed very quickly due to the rapid changes of the rock.

• The top layers of any rock are much older than the bottom ones.

• The bottom layers of the rock could have formed before life occurred.

• The middle layers will determine the age of the rock and its composition.

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