Thermal Physics

What does the second law of thermodynamics state?

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed

• Energy always flows from hot to cold objects

• The total entropy of a system always increases

• The total energy of a system remains constant

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

What does the kinetic theory of gases relate temperature to?

• Average kinetic energy of gas molecules

• Total energy of gas molecules

• Number of gas molecules

• Pressure of gas molecules

What is the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?

• It states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed

• It states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other

• It states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is exactly equal to zero

• It states that it is impossible to reach absolute zero temperature

What happens to the kinetic energy of gas particles when the temperature increases?

• The kinetic energy decreases

• The kinetic energy remains the same

• The kinetic energy increases

• The kinetic energy becomes zero

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-2

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of heat transfer?

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

• Evaporation

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

What is the ideal gas law?

• PV = nRT

• F = ma

• E = mc^2

• E = hf

What assumptions are made about ideal gases?

• Particles occupy negligible volume and exert no forces on each other

• Particles have strong attractive forces and occupy significant volume

• Particles have no kinetic energy and are stationary

• Particles have infinite volume and infinite kinetic energy

At high pressures and low temperatures, real gases deviate from ideal behavior due to:

• Negligible volume of gas particles

• Strong attractive forces between gas particles

• Perfectly elastic collisions between gas particles

• Equal distribution of molecular speeds

What is the principle of conservation of energy?

• Energy can be created but not destroyed

• Energy can be destroyed but not created

• Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another

• Energy can be both created and destroyed

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-2

NGSS.HS-PS3-3

Which of the following laws describes the relationship between volume and pressure of an ideal gas?

• Boyle's Law

• Charles's Law

• Avogadro's Law

• Newton's Law