Earth Science Review

Surface winds on Earth are primarily caused by differences in

• air density due to unequal heating of Earth’s surface.

• ocean wave heights during the tidal cycle.

• rotational speeds of Earth’s surface at various latitudes.

• distances from the Sun during the year.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

The surface of Earth is covered mostly by ________________________.

• (a) solid rock

• (b) molten rock

• (c) ice

• (d) water

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

The picture shows a geological feature in the Kalahari Desert of southwestern Africa. Which process most likely produced the present appearance of this feature?

• wind erosion

• volcanic eruption

• earthquake vibrations

• plate tectonics

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

A deformed rock structure like the one pictured is most often caused by

• (a) crustal plate collisions.

• (b) deposition of sediments.

• (c) extrusion of magma.

• (d) glacial movement.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Propose a method to demonstrate how plate tectonics causes earthquakes.

• Build a scale model of tectonic plates using rubber sheets

• Simulate earthquakes in a sandbox with sliding blocks

• Use a computer model to visualize stress accumulation in tectonic plates

• Analyze historical earthquake data and tectonic movements

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Design a model to demonstrate how Earth's systems (geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere) interact to affect climate. Explain the role of each system in your model.

• Focus only on the atmosphere and its gases, ignoring interactions with other systems.

• Show how volcanic activity (geosphere) affects atmospheric conditions and influences ocean currents (hydrosphere).

• Model only the biosphere's impact on the atmosphere through carbon dioxide production.

• Isolate the hydrosphere and examine its effects without interaction with other systems.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Propose a method to demonstrate the effects of different soil types on earthquake shock absorption.

• Construct a shake table and use different soil samples

• Analyze seismic data from areas with different soil compositions

• Simulate earthquakes in a computer model with varying soil types

• All of the above

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

The diagram shows a method for determining a physical property of a mineral. The results are shown for two minerals, galena and calcite. Which property of the galena and calcite is indicated by the color of the powder each leaves on the ceramic tile?

• streak

• hardness

• reaction to an acid

• reaction to a solvent

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

The diagram shows tilted rock layers. The dashed lines represent missing parts of the rock layers. Which process is most likely responsible for the removal of the missing parts of the rock layers?

• (a) erosion

• (b) deposition

• (c) earthquakes

• (d) faulting

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

In order to finish one complete revolution, Earth takes ... days.

• 1

• 365,25

• 24

• 366

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1