Biology EOC Vocabulary

What carries the instructions for making amino acids in a protein?

• the nitrogen base on the tRNA

• the hydrogen bonding between nitrogen bases

• the sequence of nitrogen bases on the mRNA

• the nitrogen base bonding on the DNA molecule

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which word equation best represents the process of cellular respiration?

• carbon dioxide + glucose --> oxygen + water

• carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen

• glucose + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water

• oxygen + water ---> carbon dioxide + glucose

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which statement best explains how sweating during exercise maintains homeostasis?

• It regulates mineral concentrations in cells.

• It regulates body temperature.

• It maintains water balance.

• It maintains sugar balance in cells.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

The chemical colchicine disrupts cell division. Which cell process would most likely stop if colchicine were added to a culture of human liver cells?

• mitosis

• meiosis

• crossing over

• active transport

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which effect could a mutation in mRNA have on the production of proteins?

• The protein produced will have a different identity.

• The protein produced will have a coiled shape.

• The protein produced will produce excess nitrogen.

• The protein produced will produce excess water.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

(1.02 MC) SC.912. . L.14.1 To help patients replenish bodily fluids quickly during an illness, doctors need to understand how cells behave in their environment. Doctors have confidence in what they know about how cells behave because

• cell theory has been tested, refined, and observed to be true over hundreds of years

• large medical institutions have conducted their own experiments justifying cell theory

• the basics of cell theory have not changed much since the original experiments

• what we know about cell theory has been published in reputable journals

SC. 912.L.14.3 Which of the following characteristics defines a cell as a eukaryote?

• Being able to move

• Being able to reproduce

• Having a nucleus

• Having ribosomes

SC. 912. L.14.3 Which statement best compares a eukaryote and a prokaryote?

• Eukaryotes have a cell wall, while prokaryotes have a cell membrane.

• Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes have few specialized structures.

• Eukaryotes use active transport to move substances across the cell membrane, while prokaryotes use facilitated diffusion.

• Eukaryotes use flagella to move themselves through substances, while prokaryotes are not able to move.

SC. 912.L.14.3 Which of the following best compares the structures found in plant cells and animal cells?

• Animal cells contain cell walls and a large central vacuole while plant cells contain cell membranes and many small vacuoles.

• Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, cell walls, or a large central vacuole while plant cells do.

• Plant cells contain rough endoplasmic reticulum and a Golgi apparatus while animal cells contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum surrounded by lysosomes.

• Plant cells have rigid cell walls and do not contain mitochondria or ribosomes while animal cells do.

SC.912.L.16.3 ATCAGTGAT A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. If the DNA sequence shown here goes through transcription and translation, how many amino acids will result from this sequence?

• 5

• 4

• 2

• 3

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1