Regents Biology Exam

What is a dependent variable?

• The variable you alter

• The variable that is changed by the experiment

• The natural parameters of the experiment

• The conclusion of the experiment

The word helix means spiral. What does this tell you about the structure of DNA, which is a double helix molecule?

• The nucleotides of the two strands bond together with spiral bonds.

• A double-stranded DNA molecule is composed of two linear strands that run opposite to each other, or anti-parallel, and twist together to resemble a twisted ladder.

• DNA is a double helix because it has two strands held together like a spiral staircase.

• Nucleotides are spiral-shaped molecules that bond together to form DNA.

During daytime, the rate of photosynthesis is faster than the rate of cellular respiration. A plant is placed in a clear, airtight container with a mechanism to allow its roots to get water. Will it be able to sustain itself?

• No, because the plant would need ATP to complete cellular respiration.

• No, because the plant would need oxygen to complete cellular respiration.

  
  

• Yes, because the amount of oxygen produced during the daytime would be enough to allow for

• Yes, because the amount of carbon dioxide produced during the daytime

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which of the following events in digestion and absorption is incorrect?

• Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth.

• Protein is primarily digested in the stomach.

• Fats are primarily digested in the small intestine.

• Digested carbohydrates, fat, and protein molecules are absorbed by the villi in the small intestine.

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The image below shows a phylogenetic tree that compares many known organisms. Based on the information in this phylogenetic tree, which of the following statements correctly makes a claim about fungi?

• Fungi are closer to bacteria than plants.

  
  

• Fungi are closer to bacteria than animals.

• Fungi are closer to animals than plants.

• Fungi are closer to animals than bacteria.

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Sodium and potassium are necessary electrolytes. As a result, the human body uses a great deal of energy keeping these electrolytes in balance. Explain why the body needs to use energy for this process.

• ATP is required to release potassium ions outside the cell.

• ATP is required to allow entry of sodium ions inside the cell.

• ATP is required to allow entry of potassium and sodium ions inside the cell.

• ATP is required to move sodium ions against their concentration gradient outside the cell.

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A scientist working in the lab needs to conduct an experiment using 6 flasks and 6 Bunsen burners. She measures 500 mL of water into each flask. After 1 minute the water begins to boil.

• The scientist is in a laboratory.

• The experiment requires lab equipment.

• The Bunsen burners are lit.

• The temperature of the water is less than 10 degrees Celsius.

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A reaction in which a water molecule is added to a large molecule in order to break it into multiple smaller molecules. Which type of reaction is described above?

• hydrolysis

• enzyme reaction

• catalysis

• dehydration synthesis

A lack of protein in the diet can cause hair loss. Which of the following statements explains why this occurs?

• Due to lack of protein in the diet, energy will be lost, leading to hair loss.

• Due to lack of protein in the diet, our body will not be able to form other proteins; it will conserve the protein it has for critical use, leading to hair loss.

• Lack of protein in the diet can weaken the immune system, leading to hair loss.

• Lack of protein in the diet will lead to breakage of disulfide bonds between proteins, leading to hair loss.

Which of the following would most likely qualify as a macromolecule?

• DNA

• RNA

• Protein

• All of the above