AP Biology Mutations

Bacterial cells that contain pGal will fluoresce blue under ultraviolet light. Which of the following is the most likely outcome of replacing the lacA gene in the E. coli lac operon with the gene encoding pGal?

• When lacY and lac Z are breaking down and transporting lactose, the bacteria will fluoresce blue under ultraviolet light

• lacZ will only produce the enzyme for breaking down galactose in the presence of ultraviolet light

• the repressor enzyme will only be able to bind to the operator under the presence of lactose

• When the regulatory gene is stimulated by lactose, it will cause the gene to fluoresce blue

• All structural genes downstream from the placement of lacA will be inhibited due to this substitution mutation.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5ʹ → 3ʹ direction?

• primase

• DNA ligase

• DNA Polymerase

• helicase

Introns are significant to biological evolution because

• their presence allows exons to be shuffled.

• they protect the mRNA from degeneration.

If you were to observe the activity of methylated DNA, you would expect it to

• be unwinding in preparation for protein synthesis.

• have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription.

What is the enzymatic function of restriction enzymes?

• to cleave nucleic acids at specific sites

• to add new nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA

What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

• the nucleotide sequence of the template strand

• the primase used in the reaction

Which of the following would be transcribed from the following DNA sequence? 3' ATC GAA TTA CGA 5'

• 5' UAG CUU AAU GCU 3'

• 5' AUC GAA UUA CGA 3'

• 3' UCG UAA UUC UAG 5'

• 3' TAG CTT AAT GCT 5'

• 5' TAG CTT AAT GCT 3'

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which type of mutation involves the substitution of a single nucleotide base with another in the DNA sequence?

• A) Frameshift mutation

• B) Point mutation

• C) Silent mutation

• D) Nonsense mutation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the effect of a nonsense mutation on a protein?

• A) It results in a longer protein.

• B) It has no effect on the protein.

• C) It results in a shorter, nonfunctional protein.

• D) It changes one amino acid in the protein.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following mutations can be caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation?

• A) Deletion mutation

• B) Insertion mutation

• C) Thymine dimer formation

• D) Translocation mutation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2