Keystone Biology Basic Biological Principles

A scientist observes a single-celled organism with several long, whip-like tails. Which function do the whip-like tails most likely perform for the organism?

• defense against predators

• movement through an environment

• detection of the location of a light source

• measurement of atmospheric temperature changes

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Life functions are performed at many levels of biological organization. Which level of biological organization is the simplest level at which a structure can support life functions?

• cell

• tissue

• organelle

• organ system

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NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which statement best describes a difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

• The presence of both DNA and ribosomes in prokaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than eukaryotic cells

• The larger size of prokaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than eukaryotic cells

• The presence of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than prokaryotic cells

• The larger size of eukaryotic cells indicates that they are more complex than prokaryotic cells

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Alveoli are microscopic air sacs in the lungs of mammals. Which statement best describes how the structure of the alveoli allows the lungs to function properly?

• They increase the amount of energy transferred from the lungs to the blood.

• They increase the fl exibility of the lungs as they expand during inhalation

• They increase the volume of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to be inhaled.

• They increase the surface area of the lungs, allowing effi cient gas exchange.

A key stone species is..

• a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically. （Ex. Ochre Sea Star, California Mussel)

• species that are native to and found only within a limited area

• a species that has a strong role in structuring a community. A foundation species can occupy any trophic level in a food web (i.e., they can be primary producers, herbivores or predators Ex. kelp).

• Species with a broad ecological niche. They can live in many different places, eat a variety of foods, and tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions. (Ex. flies, human)

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

In order for medicine X to produce the effects that the researchers observed, it must have entered into which part of the targeted cells?

• nucleus

• ribosome

• golgi apparatus

• rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which characteristic is shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• have organ systems

• make their own food

• contain genetic material

• need oxygen gas to breathe

Most prokaryotes and eukaryotes maintain a reserve of ATP. Which feature of prokaryotes and eukaryotes makes the ATP reserve necessary?

• They have cell membranes.

• They can change over time.

• They use energy to function.

• They have the ability to reproduce

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which structure and function are common to all plants and some protists and distinguish them from all animals?

• chloroplasts that conduct photosynthesis

• mitochondria that conduct photosynthesis

• chloroplasts that conduct cellular respiration

• mitochondria that conduct cellular respiration

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

Which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

• the ability to reproduce asexually

• the ability to make their own food

• the need for a source of energy

• the need for oxygen for respiration