AP Biology Mutations

The habitat of a moth species included trees with both light and dark colored bark.Therefore the moth species included both light and dark colored variants.Then the light-colored trees were wiped out by a disease, and within a few years nearly all the moths in this forest were dark colored. Which of the following choices BEST explains what happened?

• The light moths that survived all had dark offspring in order to adapt to the change.

• The dark moths were less visible to predators, so mostly light moths were eaten.

• The few light moths that survived did not mate, and therefore they had no offspring.

• The light moths changed their wing pigments to darker colors to avoid being eaten.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

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NGSS.HS-LS4-5

Northern foxes can have different fur colors.The foxes hunt squirrels for food. Foxes that have fur the same color as their environment are better at getting closer to squirrels and catching them.The diagram shows a population of foxes that live in one area. At time 1, the population had the same number of brown and white foxes. At time 2, after many generations, there were many more brown foxes and fewer white foxes in the population.
How did the environment change between time 1 and time 2? How did the population change?

• You cannot tell how the environment changed. With each generation, more foxes passed on the gene for brown fur to their offspring.

• The environment became brown. Brown foxes are more likely to survive, so the white foxes changed to have brown fur.

• The environment became brown. Brown foxes are more likely to survive, so both kinds of foxes passed on the gene for brown fur to their offspring.

• The environment became brown. With each generation, more brown foxes survived long enough to pass on the gene for brown fur to their offspring.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

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NGSS.HS-LS4-5

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that is associated with defects in the CFTR protein found in the membrane. Which organelle synthesized the protein?

• Golgi Bodies

• Rough ER

• Smooth ER

• Lysosome

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NGSS.HS-LS1-6

when a portion of the DNA is shifted in one direction due to a deleition or insertion

• frameshift

• gene

• deletion

• substitution

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A type of substitution in which no amino acids change is called

• Missense

• Nonsense

• Silent

• Deletion

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A change in a gene

• replication

• translation

• mutation

• transcription

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Any change in the sequence of DNA is...

• transgenic shift

• Single Genotype

• Monohybrid Trait

• Mutation

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is a type of Mutation?

• Deletions

• Insertions

• Base Substitutions

• All of the Above

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

• They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

• They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

• They often delete things that organisms need.

• Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A change in a gene, group of genes or chromosome that results in a change in the proteins

• Replication

• Mutations

• Translation

• Transcription

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2