Speciation and Evolutionary Relationships

A change in the inherited characteristics of an organism over time is ________

• evolution.

• development.

• growth.

• ancestry.

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The most recent ancestral form or species from which two different species evolved is known as ________________________.

• common ancestor.

• embryonic stage.

• development.

• evolution.

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Structures that are inherited from a common ancestor are homologous.

• True

• False

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What did Darwin find on the island that was of particular importance when theorizing about the origin of life?

• He discovered fossils of extinct animals with strong similarities with living creatures (mastodon for example).

• He discovered new plant species that were alive when the dinosaurs were alive.

• He found a subspecies that changed the evolutionary tree.

• He realized that humans and chimps are closely related.

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This is when one species is separated by a geographic barrier. Over a long period of time, they will become two different species. This happened to the common ancestor of the chimpanzees and bonobos.

• Convergent speciation

• Divergent speciation (allopatric speciation)

• Lateral speciation

• Parapatric speciation

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A small number of lizards from a mainland population have been deposited on four isolated islands because of the effects of a rare strong storm. Which of the following best predicts the outcome of these lizards reproducing for many generations on the islands?

• Courtship rituals specific to each island lizard species prevent the lizards from interbreeding.

• Speciation results from bottleneck events that happened before the ancestral species reached the islands.

• The different species that currently exist are the result of hybridization between lizards from different islands.

• The isolation prevents gene flow; thus, the lizards on different islands experience prezygotic isolation.

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The formation of a new species is called

• Natural selection

• Struggle for existence

• Speciation

• Darwinism

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Match the following

• Fast with big change, like being punched in the face

• Punctuated Equilibrium

• Song, Habitat, Time

• Gradualism

• Slow with little change, like going to a graduation

• Allopatric

• Moutain, River, Canyon, Ocean

• Sympatric

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Based on Darwin's findings, what determines an organism’s ability to survive?

• Its ability to have babies

• Its ability to adapt to the environment

• Its ability to move out of a bad environment

• Its ability to win competitions

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The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called

• genes.

• variations.

• traits.

• theories.

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