Cell Signaling

signal transduction converts an ________ signal into a _________ signal.

• extracellular; intracellular

• intracellular; extracellular

• intracellular; intracellular

• extracellular; extracellular

which of the following cell-cell interactions are used for signaling?

• desmosomes

• gap junctions

Generally all ______ are _________, but not all ________ are ____________.

• hormones; signaling molecules; signaling molecules; hormones

• hormones; hormones; signaling molecules; signaling molecules

• signaling molecules; hormones; hormones; signaling molecules

• signaling molecules; signaling molecules; hormones; hormones

What is the name of the region indicated by the red square?

• proteoglycan

• integrin

• Laminin

• collagen

Many cancer cells signal themselves to grow and divide. This is an example of ______ signaling.

• long distance

• autocrine

• paracrine

• hormone

Match the following

• uses a neuron (nerve cell) to send a signal(neurotransmitter) over a small gap (the synapse) to bind

• Paracrine signaling

• uses small molecules to communicate from one nearby cell to another. Short distance, medium response

• Endocrine signaling

• bind a receptor on a distant cell

• Synaptic signaling

Which of these is a common type of final response in a signal transduction pathway?

• Activation of a G-protein receptor

• Transcription of a desired mRNA sequence

• Formation of cAMP

• Phosphorylation cascade

Phosphorylation cascades are often used for

• reception

• responses

• amplification

• termination

Imagine this neuron is connected to another neuron. Where is the synaptic cleft located (the place where the 2 cells meet)?

only small macromolecules can pass through Gap Junctions

• true

• false