Genetics Basics

What is the combination of genes (or alleles) that an organism has for a specific trait called? (Example TT)

• genotype

• phenotype

What are the physical traits or characteristics that are passed on from the genes inherited from parents called?

• genotype

• phenotype

An organism that has identical of genes (or alleles) for a specific trait (example YY) is known as _____________________ for the trait.

• recessive

• homozygous

• heterozygous

An organism that has different genes (or alleles) for a specific trait (example Tt) is known as _____________________ for the trait.

• recessive

• homozygous

• heterozygous

What is the main function of genes?

• To provide energy to the cells

• To digest food

• To determine the traits of an organism

• To protect the cell from viruses

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Why are identical twins genetically identical?

• They inherit exactly the same genes from their parents

• They live in the same environment

• They eat the same food

• They are born at the same time

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Which of the following best describes why siblings (except identical twins) do not look exactly alike?

• They inherit different genes from their parents

• They choose different lifestyles

• They eat different foods

• They live in different environments

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What is DNA?

• A type of protein that helps in digestion

• A molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live, and reproduce

• A cell component that provides energy for the cell

• A type of carbohydrate that stores energy

How many copies of each gene do you inherit from your parents?

• One copy from each parent

• Two copies from each parent

• One copy from one parent only

• Two copies from one parent and one copy from the other

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A segment of DNA that codes for a trait

• gene

• centromere

• chromosome

• chromatid

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