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What is empirical evidence?

• Evidence that comes from scientific testing.

• Evidence that you think but has never been tested.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

A stable ecosystem is one where

• the population numbers of each organism change at a predictable rate

• the supply of resources in the physical environment changes at a predictable rate

• energy flows through the ecosystem at a fairly constant rate over time

• All of the above

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

The diagram below shows the territories for various populations in the same ecosystem. Use the diagram to answer question #1. Which territory would support the largest population of organisms?

• W

• X

• Y

• Z

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

Which is the best example of parasitism?

• a flea sucking on the blood of a dog

• a fox eating a rabbit

• a flowering plant pollinated by a butterfly

• a clownfish living inside a sea anemone

A diagram of the carbon cycle is shown below. Use the diagram below to answer the question. Which of the following best explains how the cycling of carbon is connected to the energy flow within an ecosystem?

• The cow releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through the process of cellular respiration.

• The tree releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through the process of cellular respiration.

• The tree absorbs carbon dioxide through the

  process of photosynthesis.

• The cow absorbs carbon dioxide through the process of photosynthesis.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which best explains the role of decomposers in an ecosystem

• Decomposers release energy from the decomposition of atmospheric gases in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments.

• Decomposers convert carbon dioxide and water into simple carbohydrates in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments.

• Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments.

• Decomposers absorb energy from the synthesis of inorganic compounds in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

In a food chain, food web, or energy pyramid how does the energy flow through the ecosystem. Describe this using producer, consumers, and decomposers. You may use primary, secondary, tertiary, autotroph, and hetotroph.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Use the food web diagram to answer the question. Which organisms in the food web are competing for the same food resource?

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NGSS.MS-LS2-1

In the ocean, a sea anemone attaches itself to the shell of a hermit crab. The stinging arms of the sea anemone protect the hermit crab, while the movement of the hermit crab brings food to the sea anemone. Which best describes the relationship between the sea anemone and the hermit crab?

• coexistence

• mutualism

• competition

• parasitism

This energy pyramid model the flow of energy between organisms. Use the diagram to help you answer the question.

• The energy needs of organisms increase from level to level in an ecosystem. With each level of the pyramid, only 10% of the energy available is used by organisms.

• The energy needs of organisms decrease from level to level in an ecosystem. With each level in an ecosystem transferring only 10%. This means that the remaining 90% is the energy used and lost as heat.

• The energy needs of organisms increase from level to level in an ecosystem. Therefore, the total amount of energy available at each level increases in an ecosystem.

• The energy needs of organisms do not flow from level to level in an ecosystem. Therefore, the total amount of energy stays the same in an ecosystem.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3