AP Biology Unit 8

Which of the following is most closely related to the secondary structure of proteins?

• lipids

• peptide bonds

• alpha helix

• cellulose

The process by which protein conformation is lost or broken down is

• dehydration synthesis

• translation

• denaturation

• hydrolysis

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

• amine and sulfhydryl

• hydroxyl and carboxyl

• carboxyl and amine

• phosphate group and nitrogenous base

Water is an excellent solvent. Select the property that justifies this statement.

• as a polar molecule, it can surround and dissolve ionic and polar molecules

• it forms ionic bonds with ions, hydrogen bonds with polar molecules, and hydrophobic interactions with non polar molecules

• it forms hydrogen bonds with itself so cohesion is possible

• it is liquid and will adhere to many substances

Describe the role of ribosomes in a cell.

• They store genetic information.

• They synthesize proteins.

• They break down waste materials.

• They transport substances across the cell membrane.

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

• It stores DNA.

• It synthesizes ribosomal RNA.

• It regulates cell division.

• It modifies proteins.

How does the structure of the cytoskeleton contribute to its function in the cell?

• Its rigid structure provides a fixed shape to the cell.

• Its dynamic nature allows for cell movement and stability.

• Its solid form prevents the cell from collapsing.

• Its impermeable nature protects the cell from external substances.

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

• Ribosome

• Golgi apparatus

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Lysosome

Explain how the structure of the cell membrane contributes to its function.

• The rigid structure provides support and protection.

• The fluid mosaic model allows selective permeability.

• The thick layer prevents all substances from entering.

• The solid structure allows for easy transport of materials.

Compare and contrast the functions of the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

• Both synthesize proteins; the rough ER also detoxifies chemicals.

• The smooth ER synthesizes lipids; the rough ER synthesizes proteins.

• Both store calcium ions; the smooth ER also synthesizes proteins.

• The rough ER detoxifies chemicals; the smooth ER stores genetic material.