STAAR EOC Biology Review

The simplicity of prokaryotic cell prevents them from

• growing and reproducing

• responding to their environment

• forming specialized tissues and organs

• moving through their environment

Answer explanation

The simplicity of prokaryotic cells prevents them from forming specialized tissues and organs, as these cells lack membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus.

Which of the following is correct about the events of the cell cycle?

• Little happens during the G₁ and G₂ phases of the cell cycle.

• DNA replicates during the S phase of interphase.

• Mitosis is usually the longest phase of the cell cycle when the cell is growing.

• Interphase consists of G₁, S, G2 phase and mitosis

Answer explanation

The correct statement is that DNA replicates during the S phase of interphase.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

A trait that makes an organism better suited for their environment.

• Analagous structure

• Homologous structure

• Vestigial structure

• Adaptation

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'Adaptation' because it refers to a trait that helps an organism better survive in its environment.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

Structures that indicate shared ancestry ; look similar anatomically

• Analagous structure

• Homologous structure

• Vestigial structure

• Adaptation

Answer explanation

Homologous structures indicate shared ancestry and look similar anatomically, making them the correct choice in this context.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Structures that do not indicate shared ancestry ; structures do same functions

• Analagous structure

• Homologous structure

• Vestigial structure

• Adaptation

Answer explanation

Analagous structures are those that do not indicate shared ancestry but perform the same functions.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The range of different inherited traits in a species.

• Evolution

• Genetic diversity

• Common ancestor

• Fitness

Answer explanation

The correct answer is genetic diversity because it refers to the range of different inherited traits within a species, highlighting the variation in genes that contribute to the overall diversity.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Vascular tissue of a plant that transports glucose.

• Xylem

• Phloem

• Carpel/Pistil

• Stamen

Answer explanation

The correct answer is Phloem because phloem is the vascular tissue responsible for transporting glucose in plants.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

The physical appearance/trait of an organism.

• Heredity

• Phenotype

• Genotype

• Pedigree

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'Phenotype' as it refers to the physical appearance/trait of an organism.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is one way that a lysogenic infection differs from a lytic infection?

• A lysogenic virus does not act on bacteria as a lytic virus does.

• A lysogenic virus can remain in the host DNA for a longer period without becoming active.

• A lysogenic virus contains RNA instead of DNA.

• A lysogenic virus directs the production of new viruses right away.

Answer explanation

A lysogenic virus can remain in the host DNA for a longer period without becoming active.

Which of the following is the only characteristic shared by living cells and viruses?

• the presence of carbohydrates

• the ability to reproduce

• the presence of the nucleic acid

• a cell membrane

Answer explanation

The only characteristic shared by living cells and viruses is the presence of nucleic acid, making it the correct choice.