Laws of Thermodynamics

Dierdra began writing a summary of the relationship between the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Thermal energy in a system is conserved and can increase the system’s internal energy and/or be used to do work. Which best completes Dierdra’s summary?

• Thermal energy moves from cooler objects to warmer objects

• Thermal energy moves from warmer objects to cooler objects.

• Thermal energy is destroyed when it leaves the system.

• Thermal energy is created when it enters the system.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the

• Zeroth law of thermodynamics

• law of heat addition

• principle of entropy

• conservation of energy

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NGSS.HS-PS3-1

Two objects with different temperatures are placed into a system. Which way will heat flow naturally?

• From the warmer object to the cooler object.

• From the cooler object to the warmer object.

• From one object to the other regardless of temperature.

• No flow will occur.

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Many thermodynamic processes in nature occurs in one direction but not the opposite

• True

• False

• Maybe

• I do not know

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Thermal energy always travels from ______ temperatures to ______ temperatures.

• Higher / Lower

• Lower / Higher

• Higher / Higher

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Entropy increases from solid, liquid to gas. Why?

• Molecular disorder increases

• Molecular randomness decreases

• Molecules are more energetic

• Molecules are more reactive

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Two cups of water, one at 100^oC and the other at 50^oC are poured into a larger container. What would be the final temperature of the water?

• Less than 50^oC.

• Greater than 100^oC.

• Between  50^oC and 100^oC.

• The water temperature will rise and fall continually.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Which of the following statements best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

• Energy can be created or destroyed, but not transformed.

• Energy can be transformed, but not created or destroyed.

• Energy can be created and destroyed, but not transformed.

• Energy cannot be created, destroyed, or transformed.

The second law of thermodynamics states that in any energy exchange, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be:

• Increased

• Decreased

• Converted to mass

• Converted to work

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Which of the following is a real-world application of the second law of thermodynamics?

• A refrigerator cooling food by removing heat from inside and releasing it outside.

• A car engine converting all fuel energy into mechanical work without any loss.

• A solar panel converting sunlight into electricity with 100% efficiency.

• A perpetual motion machine that runs indefinitely without energy input.

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