Biology EOC

Plant cells are able to produce their own food. This process happens in which structure?

• cell wall

• chloroplast

• mitochondrion

• vacuole

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What carries the instructions for making amino acids in a protein?

• the nitrogen base on the tRNA

• the hydrogen bonding between nitrogen bases

• the sequence of nitrogen bases on the mRNA

• the nitrogen base bonding on the DNA molecule

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

How mitosis and meiosis similar?

• both have two cell divisions

• both require DNA replication

• both produce gametes

• both involve crossing over

The four butterflies in the illustration represent the offspring in the F₁ generation. Which statement is best supported by the phenotypes of these offspring?

• The F₁ generation is composed only of males.

• Two of the offspring in the F₁ generation will not be able to reproduce.

• The F₁ generation is the result of a dihybrid cross.

• Two of the offspring in the F₁ generation will experience a spontaneous mutation

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The diagram represents one way an enzyme can be inhibited. Which statement explains the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?

• A substrate will be able to bond with the enzyme.

• The enzyme will likely be attacked by immune cells

• The enzyme will be unable to produce more enzymes.

• A substrate will be unable to attach to the enzyme.

Some students used vinegar to dissolve a way the shells of three eggs and used these eggs as models of human red blood cells. The students observed the changes in the eggs when they were placed in different solutions. Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model?

• The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell.

• The cell membrane allows solutions to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink.

• The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell.

• The cell membrane removes solutes from the environment.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

What is this an example of?

• vestigial structures

• embryology

• homologous structures

• fossil record

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Viruses are considered nonliving because they need a host to reproduce.

• True

• False

A cell _______ in a hypertonic solution because water moves _______ the cell.

• shrinks; out

• shrinks; in

• swells; out

• swells; in

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which of the following follows the concentration gradient (high to low) but requires a transport protein?

• diffusion

• osmosis

• facilitated diffusion

• active transport