Praxis Middle School Language Arts

When a student has awareness of phonemes in words, syllables, onset-rime segments, and spelling he or she is demonstrating

• phonological awareness

• phonics

• phonemic awareness

• structual analysis

Phonemic awareness includes the ability to

• Form compound words and combine word parts

• Spell accurately and decode unfamiliar words

• Pronounce individual sounds in words

• Differentiate between homonyms and spell accurately

Understanding the relationship between sounds and the spelling patterns representing those sounds.

• Phonemic awareness

• Phonics

• Phonological awareness

The individual sounds in words.

• Phonemes

• Syllables

• Onsets

• Rimes

Units of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word.

• Phonemes

• Syllables

• Onsets

• Rimes

The beginning consonants and consonant cluster.

• Phonemes

• Syllables

• Rimes

• Onset

The vowel and consonants that follow the onset.

• Phonomes

• Syllables

• Rimes

• Onsets

The ability to string together the sounds that each letter stands for in a word.

• Blending

• Segmenting

• Syllables

• onset

Breaking a word apart.

• Blending

• Segmenting

• Onsets

• Rimes

Replacing one phoneme with another in a word.

• Blending

• Segmenting

• Substituting

• Deleting