Force and Motion Unit Review

Newton's second law states that F = m x a (Force is mass times acceleration). Which example would have the GREATEST acceleration? (HINT: Do the math!)

• a 10 kg ball thrown with a 50 Newton force

• a 1 kg ball thrown with a 0.5 Newton force

• a 50 kg student launched by a 100 Newton catapult

• a 500 kg car accelerated by 1000 Newtons from the engine

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

A train rolls to a stop along a horizontal track without the conductor applying the brakes. What answer choice BEST explains why this occurred?

• The train ran out of momentum.

• The opposing force of friction stopped the train.

• The natural state of the train is not to be in motion.

• The force of gravity slowed the train until it stopped.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Consider this diagram. If the sum of the upward forces is equal to the force of gravity, which description BEST applies?

• A book is at rest on a tabletop.

• A physics student rests a backpack upon one shoulder.

• A girl hangs by both hands, motionless, from a trapeze.

• A girl falls slowly to Earth while strapped to a parachute.

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Sam and his Dad went grocery shopping. As they went up and down the aisle, adding items to their cart, something changed. The cart got heavier as they added groceries. As the cart became heavier, it also became harder to push. What else MOST LIKELY changed as Sam and his Dad shopped?

• The force of the cart.

• The acceleration of the cart.

• The size of the cart.

• The direction of the cart.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-1

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The image above shows two opposite forces acting on a rope. What can we say is true if the forces on each side of the rope is doubled to 150 Newtons?

• It cannot be determined without knowing which man is stronger.

• The forces are not balanced, because one man is standing taller than the other.

• The forces are balanced. But, the forces acting on the rope have increased and the rope’s motion is affected.

• The forces are balanced. Thus, there is no change in forces acting on the rope and the rope’s motion is not affected.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-1

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The image above shows two opposite forces acting on a rolling cart, what can we say is true about the effect of the forces on the cart?

• It cannot be determined without knowing which man is stronger.

• It cannot be determined because one man is taller than the other.

• The forces are unbalanced, and net force on the cart moves it to the left.

• The forces are unbalanced, and net force on the cart moves it to the right.

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Consider the data collected in science class. Different masses were thrown with varied amounts of force. The data table reflects Newton's 2nd Law of Motion, or F = ma. Based on the data collected, what can we say about the objects acceleration?

• In all cases, the acceleration was the same.

• The acceleration decreased as the mass increased.

• The acceleration increased as the force increased.

• The greater the force, the greater the acceleration.

Consider the car driving around a circular track. Once started, the driver maintains a speed of 45 m/h. Compare the driver's velocity with his acceleration in this case.

• The car is accelerating because it is changing direction but the velocity is constant.

• The car is traveling at a constant rate of speed so it is not accelerating and the velocity does not change.

• Acceleration is the change in velocity so the car is experiencing a change in velocity and it is accelerating.

• The car is traveling at a constant rate of speed so it is not accelerating but the velocity changes because the direction the car travels is constantly changing.

Veronica and her little sister, Monique, are playing on a seesaw. If Veronica weighs 75 pounds, and Monique weighs 60 pounds, which statement is true?

• If they push back and forth for a long time, the seesaw will begin to move on its own through gravity.

• If they both push off the ground with equal force, the seesaw will balance and their heights would be level.

• To lift herself from the ground, Monique will need to push much harder than Veronica because she is lighter.

• If they stop adding force to make the seesaw move, Monique will be in the air and Veronica will be touching the ground.

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Using two spring scales, students pull on opposite sides of a dynamic cart at rest. 7 Newtons of force is pulling left and 5 Newtons force is pulling right. Describe the motion of the cart?

• The cart will move to the right.

• The cart will move to the left.

• The cart will not move.

• The cart will move up.

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