Unit 5 AP Biology Insta-Review (Heredity)

What type of inheritance is characterized by one dominant allele masking the effect of a recessive allele?

• Autosomal Dominant inheritance

• Autosomal Recessive inheritance

• X-linked Dominant inheritance

• X-linked Recessive inheritance

At the end of which round of meiosis is the cell haploid?

• Meiosis I

• Meiosis II

• Prophase I

• Metaphase II

What is a mutation?

• A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in traits.

• A process of cell division that results in two identical cells.

• A type of genetic engineering used to create new species.

• An environmental factor that causes changes in an organism's behavior.

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What are alleles?

• Different forms of a chromosome

• Different versions of a gene that can produce variations in traits.

• The physical location of a gene on a chromosome

• The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring.

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Define autosomal recessive inheritance.

• Autosomal recessive inheritance requires one copy of a dominant allele for the trait to be expressed.

• Autosomal recessive inheritance requires two copies of a recessive allele for the trait to be expressed.

• Autosomal recessive inheritance occurs only in males.

• Autosomal recessive inheritance can be expressed with only one copy of a recessive allele.

What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?

• It increases genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

• It ensures that all daughter cells are genetically identical.

• It prevents mutations from occurring during DNA replication.

• It allows for the repair of damaged DNA strands.

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What is the function of DNA?

• DNA provides energy for cellular processes.

• DNA acts as a catalyst for biochemical reactions.

• DNA stores and transmits genetic information necessary for the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms.

• DNA helps in the digestion of food.

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What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

• Genotype refers to the observable traits, while phenotype refers to the genetic makeup.

• Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the observable traits.

• Genotype and phenotype are the same thing.

• Genotype refers to the environmental influences on traits, while phenotype refers to the genetic makeup.

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How many rounds of division occur in meiosis?

• 1 round of division

• 2 rounds of division

• 3 rounds of division

• 4 rounds of division

Which macromolecule is responsible for carrying genetic information?

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic Acids

• Lipids

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