TEK 6C*

What can disruptions in the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms lead to?

• Reduced genetic mutations

• Decreased cell growth

• Uncontrolled cell growth

• Enhanced DNA integrity

What are benign tumors?

• Cancerous and spread to other parts of the body

• Masses of rapidly dividing cells

• Abnormal cells that invade surrounding tissues

• Non-cancerous and remain localized

What can contribute to disruptions in the cell cycle and increase the risk of cancer?

• Exposure to radiation

• Consuming vitamin-rich foods

• Regular exercise

• Adequate sleep

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What do cell cycle checkpoints ensure?

• Uncontrolled cell proliferation

• Rapid cell division without scrutiny

• Each phase is completed accurately before progressing to the next

• Genetic instability in rapidly dividing cells

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

What is the process of cancer cells spreading to other parts of the body known as?

• Mitosis

• Interphase

• DNA replication

• Metastasis

Which of these properties is found only in cancer cells?

• unregulated cell division

• regulated gene expression

• response to signals outside the cell

• presence of mitochondria

Normal cells have a contact inhibition feedback mechanism that prevents the cells from replicating when other cells are touched. A diagram of cells with contact inhibition and cells without contact inhibition is shown.

Which statement best describes what will happen to cells in an organism that lack contact inibition?

• the cells will continue to grow, causing a tumor in the body.

• The cells will replicate normally, replacing body cells that die.

• The cells will replicate until the food supply for each cell is used, causing each cell to die.

• The cells will stop replicating once one layer is produced, as other body cells will crowd them out.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

During the cell cycle, proteins called cyclins bind to enzymes that send signals for the cell to progress through stages of cell replication. At the end of this cycle, the cyclins degrade to prevent further signaling for the cell to divide.

Uncontrolled production of cyclins will most likely result in

• the formation of tumors

• the immediate death of the cell

• the transfer of cyclins to other cells

• the formation of haploid cells

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

When cells lose their ability to regulate the cell, they can divide at an accelerated rate and form a mass of cells. This mass of cells is referred to as-

• a tumor

• an embryo

• a gland

• an organ

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presence of an oncogene lead to the formation of a tumor?

• ATP production is inhibited

• Cell division is unregulated

• Somatic cell growth is inhibited

• Antibody activity is unregulated

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2