Genetics and Epigenetics

The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes.

• genome
• epigenome
• genetic markers
• RNA codon

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

The study of the inherited changes in gene expression that occur without a change in gene sequence and influence how an organism's genes express themselves. Mechanisms are influenced by food and environment. They play an important role in the fetal basis of adult disease susceptibility.

• genomics
• epigenetics
• bionomics
• fetal genetics

Increases gene transcription

• methylation
• transcriptase
• helicase
• DNA acetylation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.

• cell multiplication
• cell division
• mitosis
• cell differentiation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Unspecialized cells that retain the ability to become a wide variety of specialized cells

• stem cell
• neuron
• brain cells
• dendrite

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Protein molecules around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin

• Histones
• Whey
• Casein
• Hemoglobin

A chemical modification of DNA that does not affect the nucleotide sequence of a gene but makes that gene less likely to be expressed.

• methylation
• acetylation
• transcription
• translation

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?

• The two different cells become mutated

• The proteins expressed in each cell are different

• They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.

• The genome of the different cells changes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which of these molecules gets translated?

• DNA
• mRNA
• tRNA
• amino acids

What enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing RNA strand?

• DNA Polymerase
• RNA Primase
• RNA Polymerase
• Topoisomerase