Quiz about Genetics Test Review

Question 1

Which statement about DNA is true?

Accepted Answer

DNA is made up of genes that carry hereditary information.

Answer

Different people can have the same copy of DNA in their cells.

Answer

DNA controls the genotype but not the phenotype of an organism.

Answer

DNA controls the genotype only in the second and third generations.

Question 2

What relationship exists between genes and chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes which are found in the nucleus of cells.

Answer

Genes produce chromosomes which transmit traits from one generation to another.

Answer

Genes are made up of chromosomes which move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Answer

Genes and chromosomes produce alleles which determine the phenotype of offspring.

Question 3

James has blue eyes like his father and a widow's peak like his mother. What explains James having similar traits as his parents?

Accepted Answer

inheritance of genes from his parents

Answer

living together with his parents

Answer

performing similar activities like his parents

Answer

observing and learning from his parents

Question 4

Which statement summarizes the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, and genes?

Accepted Answer

DNA makes up the genes located on the chromosomes.

Answer

Genes compose the DNA located on the chromosomes.

Answer

DNA makes up the chromosomes located on genes.

Answer

Chromosomes make up the genes located on the DNA.

Question 5

What do the two letters of the genotype represent?

Accepted Answer

Traits are passed from both parents to offspring through pairs of genes.

Answer

An organism's outward appearance is its phenotype.

Answer

An organism's genotype is a result of its phenotype.

Answer

Genes for a trait come from either the mother or father but not both parents.

Question 6

Which statement describes why eye color is an inherited trait?

Accepted Answer

It is passed from the parents to the offspring.

Answer

It depends on the color of light entering the eye.

Answer

It depends on the amount of vitamin A in the diet.

Answer

It changes as a child grows to become an adult.

Question 7

In rabbits, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant over the allele for white fur (b). A cross between two black fur rabbits produces a white rabbit.

What are the correct genotype and phenotype of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

genotype: bb

phenotype: white fur

Answer

genotype: BB

phenotype: white fur

Answer

genotype: white fur

phenotype: Bb

Answer

genotype: white fur

phenotype: bb

Question 8

What can be inferred by analyzing the pattern of the presence of dimples among the friends and their parents?

Accepted Answer

Children inherit dimples from their parents.

Answer

Children inherit dimples from their mothers.

Answer

The characteristic for dimples is common among children.

Answer

The characteristic for no dimples is more common in parents.

Question 9

Freckles (F) is dominant to no freckles (f) in humans. Which genotype would result from two parents that are homozygous for freckles?

Accepted Answer

FF

Answer

Ff

Answer

f

Answer

ff

Question 10

What does the genotype for a trait BB represent?

Accepted Answer

Each letter represents the dominant allele inherited from each parent.

Answer

Both letters represent the dominant allele inherited from the mother.

Answer

Both letters represent the recessive allele inherited from the father.

Answer

Each letter represents the recessive allele inherited from each parent.

Question 11

Parents have two children, one with blond hair and one with brown hair. How is this possible?

Accepted Answer

The children inherited different genes from their parents.

Answer

Both parents must have red hair.

Answer

Both parents must have brown hair.

Answer

The children inherited the same traits from their parents.

Question 12

How is it possible for an organism to have a recessive phenotype for a trait such as white flowers in pea plants?

Accepted Answer

The organism inherits the recessive allele from both parents.

Answer

The organism inherits the recessive allele from one parent.

Answer

The organism fails to inherit the alleles for the trait from either parent.

Answer

The organism acquires the trait from the environment.

Question 13

In pea plants, the smooth pea gene is dominant over the wrinkly pea gene. A farmer crossed two pea plants and obtained offspring pea plants with wrinkly peas.

Which statement is true about inheritance of the trait by the offspring?

Accepted Answer

The offspring inherited two recessive alleles, one from each parent.

Answer

The offspring inherited two dominant alleles, one from each parent.

Answer

The offspring inherited two recessive alleles from the same parent.

Answer

The offspring inherited two dominant alleles from the same parent.

Question 14

A mother has brown hair while a father has blond hair. Three of their four children have brown hair while one child has blond hair.

Which statement best explains the reason that three children have brown hair, and only one child has blond hair?

Accepted Answer

All four children received the genes for hair color from both parents, but the gene for brown hair may be a dominant trait.

Answer

Three of the four children received the genes for hair color only from their mother, and the gene for brown hair must be a dominant trait.

Answer

All four children received the genes for hair color from both parents, but the gene for brown hair must be a recessive trait.

Answer

One of the four children received the genes for hair color only from their father, and the gene for brown hair may be a recessive trait.

Question 15

In cattle, the allele for a long-haired coat (L) is dominant over the allele for a short-haired coat (l). What combination of parental alleles will produce all purebred, long-haired offspring?

Accepted Answer

LL x LL

Answer

ll x ll

Answer

Ll x Ll

Answer

LL x ll

Question 16

A student creates a Punnett square based on the genotypes and phenotypes of a set of flowers, as shown.

What is shown by the inheritance of pink flowers?

Accepted Answer

The alleles show incomplete dominance because the phenotype for two of the offspring is a blending of both alleles.

Answer

The white flower allele is dominant over the red flower allele because it is expressed in more genotypes than the red flower gene.

Answer

The alleles show codominance because they are both expressed in the genotype of the offspring with the pink flower phenotype.

Answer

The red flower allele is dominant over the white flower allele because it is always written first in the genotypes.

Question 17

A teacher tells her students that the inheritance of flower color in Camellia plants shows codominance. In Camellia plants, both red (R) and white (W) are dominant alleles.

Which Punnett square correctly predicts the possible genotypes for a cross between a homozygous dominant plant with red flowers and a homozygous dominant plant with white flowers?

Accepted Answer

Option D is correct

Answer

A.

Answer

B.

Answer

C.

Question 18

The Punnett square shows a cross between a curly haired female and a straight haired male. The couple have three children, all have wavy hair.

What phenomenon is shown by the production of wavy hair?

Accepted Answer

incomplete dominance

Answer

codominance

Answer

complete dominance

Answer

recessiveness

Question 19

In humans, hair lines can have a widow's peak (H) or be straight (h). The Punnett square shows a cross between a mom with a widow's peak and a dad with a straight hairline.

Which statement explains why all offspring have a widow's peak?

Accepted Answer

All the offspring have the dominant allele.

Answer

All the offspring have the recessive allele.

Answer

Both parents have a dominant allele.

Answer

Both parents have a recessive allele.

Question 20

The table shows the phenotypes of plants produced from two plants with tall pea plants. The allele for tall plants (T) is dominant over the allele for short plants (t).

Phenotype : Number of Offspring

tall plants : 21

short plants : 6

What can be concluded about the genotypes of the parents?

Accepted Answer

Both parents are Tt

Answer

One parent is TT and the other is Tt

Answer

Both parents are tt

Answer

One parent is Tt and the other is tt

Question 21

Examine the Punnett square that shows the probable offspring of a cross between two humans where R represents can roll tongue and r represents cannot roll tongue.

What would be the genotypes for the parents?

Accepted Answer

RR x Rr

Answer

RR x RR

Answer

rr x rr

Answer

Rr x Rr

Question 22

The table provides information about two inherited traits in plants, stem height and flower color.

Which genotype represents a plant with short stems?

Accepted Answer

tt

Answer

tr

Answer

TT

Answer

Tt

Question 23

The Punnett square shows four combinations of alleles for cleft chin (C) and smooth chin (c).

Which genotype should replace the question mark?

Accepted Answer

Cc

Answer

CC

Answer

cc

Answer

c

Question 24

Mom that is purebred dominant for tasting PTC has children with a dad that is hybrid for tasting PTC. Which Punnett square represents this cross and the resulting offspring?

Accepted Answer

Option A is correct

Answer

B.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 25

In guinea pigs, the allele for black eyes (B) is dominant over the allele for red eyes (b). A male guinea pig that is heterozygous for the eye color trait is crossed with a female guinea pig that has red eyes.

Which Punnett square correctly shows the outcome of the cross?

Accepted Answer

Option A is correct

Answer

B.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 26

Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t). What is the probability of a long-tailed mouse in the cross TT x tt?

Accepted Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Answer

100%

Question 27

Black fur in mice (B) is dominant to brown fur (b). What is the probability that an offspring will have the same phenotype as its parents in a cross between a homozygous black and a heterozygous black mouse?

Accepted Answer

100%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Question 28

When combining a plant whose genotype is homozygous dominant for a specific trait with one whose genes are heterozygous for that trait, what is the probability of a hybrid offspring in the cross?

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

75%

Answer

100%

Question 29

In seals, the allele for long whiskers is dominant over the allele for short whiskers. What is the possibility that two seals with the genotype (gg) will have offspring with short whiskers?

Accepted Answer

100%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Question 30

In humans, the presence of dimples is dominant over a lack of dimples. If two people that are hybrids for dimples have children, what can be concluded about the genotypes for the offspring? (choose 2 answers)

Accepted Answer

There is a 75% chance that the offspring will have dimples.

Accepted Answer

There is a 25% chance that the offspring will not have dimples.

Answer

There is a 50% chance the offspring will be dd AND a 50% chance they will be Dd.

Answer

There is a 50% chance the offspring will be DD AND a 50% chance they will be dd.

Question 31

Short tails (T) are dominant to long tails (t) in mice. In a cross between a long-tailed mouse and a short-tailed mouse (Tt), what is the probability of having offspring with long tails?

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

75%

Answer

100%

Question 32

In chickens, rose comb is dominant over single comb. If a heteoozygous rose comb male is crossed with a heterozygous female, what percentage of the offspring would likely have a rose comb?

Accepted Answer

75%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

100%

Question 33

In a plant species, the allele for dark green leaves (D) is dominant over the allele for light green leaves (d). A plant with genotype (DD) is crossed with a plant with genotype (dd).

What percentage of the offspring are expected to be hybrid for the leaf color trait?

Accepted Answer

100%

Answer

0%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Question 34

Two plants with hybrid genotypes for smooth seeds are crossed with one another. What percentage of the offspring should have the recessive phenotype of wrinkly seeds?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

0%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Answer

100%

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