Isaac Newton and Forces

The illustration above shows a student about to throw a ball while standing

on a skateboard. Which illustration below correctly shows the skateboard’s direction

of motion after the student releases the ball?

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NGSS.MS-PS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

A truck is rolling towards a brick wall as shown in the diagram to the right. What is most likely to happen to the crate in the back of the truck when the truck strikes the wall?

• The crate falls off of the back of the truck.

• The crate is pulled downward into the truck.

• The force of gravity causes the crate to move upward.

• The crate continues moving forward until it hits something.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

A toy car sits motionless on a track. One student begins pushing the car to the right with a force of 6 newtons. At the same time, another student begins pushing the car to the left with a force of 3 newtons. Which of the following best describes the resulting motion of the toy car?

• It travels left at a constant speed.

• It travels left at an increasing speed.

• It travels right at a constant speed.

• It travels right at an increasing speed.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

A wet bar of soap slides 1 meter across a wet tile floor without appearing to slow down. Which of these statements explains why the bar of soap fails to slow down?

• A constant force on an object produces a constant positive acceleration.

• An object in motion tends to remain in motion in the absence of an unbalanced force.

• A moving object having constant velocity contains kinetic energy.

• An object’s weight is proportional to its mass.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

After shooting a cannonball, a cannon recoils with a much lower velocity than the cannonball. This is primarily because, compared to the cannonball, the cannon has a —

• much greater mass

• smaller amount of momentum

• greater kinetic energy

• smaller force applied to it

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NGSS.HS-PS2-1

NGSS.HS-PS2-2

A student pushes a cart and records its position as it moves along a track. During which part or parts of the track did the cart experience unbalanced forces?

• Part 1 only

• Parts 1 and 2 only

• Part 3 only

• Parts 2 and 3 only

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NGSS.MS-PS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Which of these is the best description of the action-reaction force pair when the space shuttle lifts off from the launchpad?

• The ground pushes the rocket up while exhaust gases push down on the ground.

• Exhaust gases push down on air while the air pushes up on the rocket.

• The rocket pushes exhaust gases down while the exhaust gases push the rocket up.

• Gravity pulls the rocket exhaust down while friction pushes up against the atmosphere.

When the air is released from a balloon, the air moves in one direction, and the balloon moves in another direction. Which statement does this situation best illustrate?

• What goes up must come down.

• For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

• The shape and size of an object affects air resistance.

• The acceleration due to Earth’s gravity is 9.8 m/s².

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NGSS.MS-PS2-1

Seat belts in cars help prevent passenger injuries that would otherwise occur when a car came to an abrupt stop during a traffic accident. Which of these statements best explains why seat belts in cars are so important for passenger safety?

• An object at rest does not contain kinetic energy.

• The acceleration due to Earth’s gravity is 9.8 m/s².

• Applying a constant force on an object will cause its speed to increase.

• An object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by a net force.

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NGSS.HS-PS2-1

Students filled 4 different boxes with different objects. Each student pushes the boxes with the same amount of force. Which box has the greatest change in speed?

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2