Biomolecules and Enzymes STAAR Review

The differences between two molecules include the type of sugar that forms a section of the molecules and the identity of one of the four nitrogenous bases that make up another section of the molecules. These two molecules are --

• proteins

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• complex carbohydrates

Which of these correctly matches the molecules with its function?

• lipid - stores genetic information

• enzyme - speeds up chemical reactions

• vitamin - supplies energy to cells

• carbohydrate - manufactures cell membranes

Which of these are the repeating units that form a DNA molecule?

• fatty acids

• amino acids

• chromosomes

• nucleotides

The human body uses carbohydrates as a --

• source of energy

• material for muscle production

• carrier for oxygen

• coenzyme of metabolism

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Which substance is not an organic molecule?

• starch (carbohydrate)

• DNA (nucleic acid)

• water (H2O)

• fat (lipid)

Proteins are involved in almost every chemical reaction within a cell. Special proteins known as enzymes speed up chemical reactions allowing reactions to occur often enough for life to continue. Other proteins maintain the shape of a cell or carry large molecules through the cell membrane. Although proteins can have many different functions, they are all made of the same building blocks. These building blocks that make up every protein are known as -

• amino acids

• nucleotides

• lipids

• saccharides

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7. Both lipids and carbohydrates are important in animal cells because both —

• store energy

• contain nitrogen

• form cell walls

• provide insulation

What is the function of enzymes in biological systems?

• Enzymes act as substrates when the necessary proteins are unavailable.

• Enzymes act as products to create new chemical reactions.

• Enzymes act as catalysts to drive chemical reactions forward.

• Enzymes bond with substrates to create the new reaction products.

Enzymes only work with specific substrates because each substrate —

• has a specific activation site for enzyme attachment

• can only use a specific ionic bond with the enzyme

• destroys its specific enzyme

• actively interferes with other substrates around it

Which of the following macromolecules are a prominent part of animal tissues that function in insulation, helping animals conserve heat?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids