Biology STAAR Review and Mutations

The survival of a species depends on its ability to adapt to changes in the environment. A species must be capable of surviving and reproducing despite changes to food sources, climate, or threats from predators. Which statement correctly describes a way that mutations increase the likelihood that a species will survive in a changing environment?

• F

• G

• H

• J

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA molecule?

• F

• G

• H

• J

A segment of DNA produces methionine, threonine, histidine, asprtate, and glycine when translated. A substitution mutation occurs and causes the synthesis of the segment as shown above.

Which is the new peptide chain when the new DNA segment is translated?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

In the 1960's, the molecular biologist George Streisinger developed the strand-slippage hyposthesis. Streisinger noticed that mutations occurred in areas of DNA that contained many repeated sequences. When a strand-slippage error occurs, an insertion mutation can result. How does the insertion mutation affect the DNA?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism will most likely be transferred to which of the following?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations?

• F

• G

• H

• J

A certain mutation in the gene for hemoglobin results in the red blood cells becoming sticky, rigid, and irregularly shaped. These irregularly shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood throughout the body. A single base mutation is responsible for these irregularly shaped blood cells.

Which of these mutations most likely results in the mutated hemoglobin gene?

• F

• G

• H

• J

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Different types of mutations can occur in DNA. The diagram represents a type of mutation.

Which statement best describes the mutation in the diagram?

• F

• G

• H

• J

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2