Groundwater and Cave Formation

They are natural openings or cavities below the Earth’s surface.

• Stalagmite

• Passages

• Caves

• Karst

National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act

• RA 9147

• RA 9072

• RA 11038

• RA 7586

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

Formed when the carbonic acid in the moving groundwater dissolves the bedrock along the surfaces of cracks, joints, fractures, and bedding planes

• Caves

• Branchwork

• Speleothems

• Passages

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Formations that grow downwards from the cave roof.

• Stalactites

• Stalagmites

• Speleothems

• Helictites

Are solid dripstones that grow upwards from the cave floor, from each drop of water from the roof or from stalactites overhead.

• Stalagmites

• Flowstone

• Soda straws

• Stalactites

Underground animals that spend their whole life in caves and cannot survive outside are obligate cave dwellers

• Trogloxenes

• Troglobites

• Troglophiles

• Accidental

It is the study of all life forms, from microorganisms to large vertebrates that thrived during the past geological periods

• Archaeology

• Palaeontology

• Biology

• Ecology

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

A cave feature produced by the removal of bedrock, including but not limited to anastomoses, scallops, meander niches, petromorphs & rock pendants in solution caves & similar features unique to volcanic caves.

• Speleothems

• Speleogens

• Cave Formation

• Cave Decorations

Procedures in Cave Classification

• DAO 2007-34

• DAO 2003-29

• DAO 1994-04

• DAO 2007-04

Guidelines in Safeguarding Caves Utilized for

Ecotourism

• BMB Technical Bulletin No. 2016-10

• PAWB Technical Bulletin No. 2013-06

• BMB Technical Bulletin No. 2017-01

• PAWB Technical Bulletin No. 2013-05

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-5