Ap Biology Unit Two Cell Structure and Function

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

• central vacuole
• chloroplast
• wall made of cellulose
• mitochondrion

Which of the following is major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

• evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes.
• the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs.
• limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases
• the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?

• pinocytosis
• osmosis
• phagocytosis
• exocytosis

A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water-equal to the volume of blood lost-is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?

• The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypertonic compared to the cells.
• The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.
• It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.
• The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.

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A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, whereas organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively,

• mitochondria and chloroplasts.
• peroxisomes and chloroplasts.
• chloroplasts and peroxisomes.
• chloroplasts and mitochondria.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

The movement of potassium into an animal cell requires

• an energy source such as ATP
• low cellular concentrations of sodium
• a cotransport protein
•  high cellular concentrations of potassium

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?

• CO₂
• an amino acid
• starch
• glucose

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

• a plasma membrane
• DNA
• an endoplasmic reticulum
• ribosomes

When a plant cell, such as one from a tulip stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?

• The cell membrane will lyse.
• The cell will burst.
• The cell will become turgid.
• Plasmolysis will shrink the interior.

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed

• estivation.
• homeostasis.
• physiological chance.
• static equilibrium.

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