Electrical and Chemical Communication in Neuron

What is the function of the synaptic vesicles within the axon terminal of a neuron?

• They store and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

• They generate action potentials that travel down the axon.

• They act as receptors for neurotransmitters on the postsynaptic cell.

• They provide structural support for the axon terminal.

What is the difference between an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

• EPSPs are caused by the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, while IPSPs are caused by the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters.

• EPSPs make the postsynaptic neuron more likely to fire an action potential, while IPSPs make it less likely to fire.

• EPSPs occur at chemical synapses, while IPSPs occur at electrical synapses.

• EPSPs are always stronger than IPSPs, ensuring that the postsynaptic neuron fires an action potential.

What is the role of calcium ions in synaptic transmission?

• Calcium ions bind to neurotransmitters, facilitating their release into the synaptic cleft.

• Calcium ions directly trigger the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles.

• Calcium ions depolarize the postsynaptic membrane, leading to the firing of an action potential.

• Calcium ions are responsible for maintaining the resting potential of the neuron.

Based on the text, what can be concluded about the relationship between the number of synaptic inputs a neuron receives and its potential for firing an action potential?

• A neuron with more synaptic inputs is always more likely to fire an action potential.

• A neuron with more synaptic inputs is less likely to fire an action potential.

• The number of synaptic inputs has no impact on a neuron's likelihood of firing.

• A neuron with more synaptic inputs is more likely to fire an action potential, but only if the majority of the inputs are excitatory.

The text states that "IPSPs are important because they can counteract, or cancel out, the excitatory effect of EPSPs." What does this suggest about the overall process of neuronal communication?

• Neuronal communication is a simple process where a single excitatory signal triggers an action potential.

• Neuronal communication is a complex process involving the integration of multiple excitatory and inhibitory signals.

• Neuronal communication is primarily driven by inhibitory signals, which prevent neurons from firing too frequently.

• Neuronal communication is primarily driven by excitatory signals, but inhibitory signals can fine-tune the response.

The text describes the synaptic cleft as a "small gap" between the axon terminal and the postsynaptic cell. What is the significance of this gap in the context of chemical synaptic transmission?

• The gap ensures that neurotransmitters are released directly into the postsynaptic cell, preventing diffusion.

• The gap allows for the diffusion of neurotransmitters across the synapse, enabling communication between neurons.

• The gap prevents the action potential from directly traveling from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic neuron.

• The gap is simply a physical barrier that has no functional significance in synaptic transmission.

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The text mentions that a single axon can have multiple branches, allowing it to make synapses on various postsynaptic cells. What does this suggest about the complexity of neuronal communication?

• Neuronal communication is a simple, one-to-one process where a single neuron sends a signal to a single target cell.

• Neuronal communication is a complex, multi-layered process where a single neuron can influence the activity of multiple target cells.

• Neuronal communication is primarily based on the direct connection between two neurons, with limited branching.

• Neuronal communication is primarily based on the diffusion of neurotransmitters throughout the brain, with no specific targets.

The text describes the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal as triggering the release of neurotransmitters. What does this suggest about the relationship between electrical and chemical signaling in neurons?

• Electrical signaling is the primary mode of communication within neurons, while chemical signaling is used only for communication between neurons.

• Electrical signaling is used for communication within neurons, while chemical signaling is used for communication between neurons and target cells.

• Electrical and chemical signaling are independent processes that occur in different parts of the neuron.

• Electrical signaling is used for communication between neurons, while chemical signaling is used for communication within neurons.