Thermal Energy Physical Science

What is the best description of thermal energy?

• Thermal energy is the energy stored in an object’s chemical bonds.

• Thermal energy is a measure of an object or substance’s heat.

• Thermal energy is the kinetic energy contained in an object or substance due to the movement of its atoms and/or molecules.

• Thermal energy is kinetic energy.

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What does temperature measure?

• kinetic energy of objects or substances

• relative heat of an object or substance compared to its environment

• average kinetic energy of the particles in an object or substance

• potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of an object or substance

  potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of an object or substance

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

What would happen to a substance at the theoretical temperature of 0 K?

• The substance’s particles would stop moving.

• The substance’s particles would accelerate.

• The substance would turn from solid to gas.

• The substance would turn from liquid to solid.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

What happens when thermal energy is applied to a substance?

• All substances will melt.

• Its atoms gain potential energy.

• Its particles slow down.

• Its atoms gain kinetic energy.

  Its atoms gain kinetic energy.

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Which is the best description of a student applying lifelong learning skills as she investigates kinetic and thermal energy?

• She memorizes how to convert temperatures among the three scales.

• She reads that thermal energy is a form of kinetic energy and dismisses the statement, thinking it must be a mistake.

• She asks her teacher to give her the answer to a problem she is working through about the connection between temperature and kinetic energy.

• She learns that temperature is the measure of a type of kinetic energy and relates that to what she already knows about kinetic energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Which is the best description of thermal energy?

• Thermal energy is heat energy.

• Thermal energy is the energy in matter due to the movement of its atoms and/or molecules.

• Thermal energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position relative to Earth.

• Thermal energy is the energy stored in the chemical bonds of an object or substance.

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An athlete hurts their wrist. They put an ice directly on the wrist. In which direction is the thermal energy moving?

• There is no thermal energy in this scenario.

• The thermal energy is moving from the wrist to the ice pack.

• The thermal energy is moving from the ice pack to the wrist.

• The thermal energy is moving from the ice pack to the air around the wrist.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

What happens when two substances with different temperatures come into contact?

• Thermal energy is transferred from the warmer substance to the cooler substance.

• Potential energy is transferred from the warmer substance to the cooler substance.

• Thermal energy is transferred from the cooler substance to the warmer substance.

• Heat is transferred from the warmer substance to the cooler substance.

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Which is the best description of what happens when thermal energy is removed from a substance?

• Its particles lose kinetic energy and move more slowly.

• It loses potential energy.

• It gains potential energy.

• Its particles gain kinetic energy and move more quickly.

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Which of the following is typically part of the knowledge base of research and development scientists working on heating devices?

• substances and their properties

• engineering rules and principles

• marketing strategies

• sales projections

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