Cellular Respiration and Cellular Transport

Which statements best describe the difference between active transport and passive transport?

• Active transport occurs only in cells that require large amounts of energy. Passive transport occurs in all cells.

• Active transport requires ATP. Passive transport does not require ATP.

• Active transport moves substances along the concentration gradient. Passive transport moves substances against the concentration gradient.

• Active transport occurs in all cells. Passive transport requires ATP.

Which statement best describes the role of insulin and glucose-transport proteins in this process?

• They stimulate a response from white blood cells during glucose entry into the cell.

• They keep the plasma membrane flexible when glucose is removed from the blood.

• They help to maintain stable glucose levels both inside and outside the cell.

• They utilize the excess energy the cell produces to create more glucose.

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Which type of movement across a cell’s plasma membrane requires energy supplied by ATP?

• Passive transport

• Active transport

• Osmosis

• Simple diffusion

Based on the graph, which process is occurring between minute 5 and minute 10?

• Nuclei are building amino acids for energy storage.

• Ribosomes are building carbohydrates to increase energy output.

• Chloroplasts are using energy to produce oxygen.

• Mitochondria are using oxygen to produce ATP.

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Which statement describes the process of osmosis in an animal cell?

• Sugar molecules move across the plasma membrane until the cell has enough energy to grow in size and divide.

• Water molecules move across the plasma membrane until solute concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane.

• Ions move across the plasma membrane until the inside of the cell has a higher concentration of positive charges.

• Enzymes move across the plasma membrane until the cell has completed metabolism.

Which table correctly identifies how the plasma membrane contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis?

• Table A

• Table B

• Table C

• Table D

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Which description best identifies this type of cellular transport?

• Active transport, because energy is being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient

• Facilitated diffusion, because energy is being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient

• Osmosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient

• Endocytosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient

The diagram shows molecules that a mitochondrion uses and produces during a cellular process. Which other molecule is a product of this process?

• DNA

• RNA

• C6H12O6

• ATP

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In a study of physical endurance, researchers observed significant increases in the heart rates and breathing rates of participants immediately after they engaged in strenuous exercise. Which statement best explains the increase in the heart rate and the breathing rate during exercise?

• The water concentration in the blood increases.

• Body cells require increased oxygen as energy is expended.

• Muscle cells increase in temperature and require fluid to reduce the temperature.

• An increase in muscle activity causes increases in glucose levels in red blood cells.

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The diagram illustrates the activity of vesicles during a cellular process. Which statement best explains the function of the vesicles?

• Delivering packaged materials to the Golgi apparatus for protein synthesis.

• Exchanging genetic information between the Golgi apparatuses of separate cells.

• Extracting portions of the Golgi apparatus to be regenerated for growth within the cell.

• Transporting packaged molecules from the Golgi apparatus to be released out of the cell.