Mastery Connect Science

In the carbon cycle, what is the primary way that carbon is removed from the atmosphere?

• decomposition of organic matter by bacteria

• coal and oil formation by natural geologic processes

• photosynthesis by plants and algae

• respiration by animals and fungi

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How is transpiration important to the water cycle?

• It is the evaporation of water from the leaves of plants back into the atmosphere allowing the cycle to continue.

• It results in the deposition of water vapor directly as ice, so water changes states causing the cycle to move to the next phase.

• It allows plants to absorb water through their roots which is then precipitated back into the atmosphere.

• It permits the diffusion of water from the surface to water tables deep underground which restores groundwater supplies.

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How are the carbon and oxygen cycles interconnected?

• The carbon dioxide produced during photosynthesis is used during respiration to produce oxygen.

• The carbon on the surface of the Earth combines with oxygen in the air to form the water in the ocean.

• The oxygen produced during photosynthesis is used during respiration to produce carbon dioxide.

• The oxygen produced during photosynthesis becomes a component of water in the atmosphere.

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How is the water cycle important to the nitrogen cycle?

• Nitrogen on the surface of the Earth is brought to the air during evaporation.

• Precipitation and lightning bring nitrogen from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth.

• Condensation bonds the nitrogen atoms together in the atmosphere.

• Nitrogen on the surface of the Earth is moved by bodies of water to the ocean.

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The deer population of the Grand Canyon National Preserve increased from 4,000 in the year 1905 to 65,000 in 1920. The increase was due to a ban on hunting and the low number of natural predators of the deer in the preserve. How did the increase in the deep population most likely affect the ecosystem?

• a high vegetation cover resulting in more rainfall

• a low vegetation cover resulting in greater soil erosion

• a high vegetation cover resulting in soil of poor quality

• a low vegetation cover resulting in a temperature decline

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How is carbon passed along the food chain?

• Plants intake carbon dioxide and release oxygen, which is then taken up by animals.

• Plants release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which is then taken up by animals.

• Plants absorb sunlight to make carbon dioxide that is passed on to animals that feed on them.

• Plants intake water and carbon dioxide to make carbon compounds, which is passed to animals that feed on them.

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What is the main mode for returning water taken up by plants and animals in a food chain back to the environment?

• by the breakdown of fecal matter

• by photosynthesis and respiration

• by decomposition of dead remains

• by perspiration and transpiration

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In a food chain, what is transferred from one organism to another?

• carbon dioxide

• chemical energy

• heat

• water

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The table shows the main food source of different organisms that make up a food chain. Which set of trophic levels correctly describes the organisms?

• 
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• 
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Study the diagram of an energy pyramid for an environment. Which statement summarizes the relationship between energy and trophic level?

• Animals in a higher trophic level have more energy available to them.

• Animals in the lowest trophic level have the most energy available to them.

• Energy consumption equals energy production at each trophic level.

• Energy is available equally to organisms at all trophic levels.

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