Chapter 16 Evilution

In an experiment, suppose that the wings of fruit flies were clipped short for fifty generations. The fifty-first generation emerged with normal-length wings. This observation would tend to disprove the idea that evolution is based on _______.

• a. inheritance of natural variations.

• b. inheritance of acquired characteristics.

• c. natural selection.

• d. survival of the fittest.

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According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the ___________.

• a. possession of adaptations developed through use.

• b. possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.

• c. lack of competition within the species.

• d. choices made by plant and animal breeders.

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Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection explains each of the following EXCEPT how _______.

• a. species can become extinct.

• b. traits are passed from parent to off spring.

• c. species descend from common ancestors.

• d. evolution takes place in the natural world.

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Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT __________.

• a. more offspring are born than can survive

• b.population size is very large.

• c.fitness varies among individuals

• d.there is heritable variation among members of the population.

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Which statement about the members of a population that live long enough to reproduce is consistent with the theory of evolution by natural selection?

• a. They transmit characteristics acquired by use and disuse to their offspring.

• b.They tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the population.

• c.They are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment.

• d.They will perpetuate unfavorable changes in the species.

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Which characteristic of Galápagos finches helped the Grants show the results of natural selection?

• a. the color of their feathers

• b.the length and shape of their wings

• c.the size and shape of their beaks

• d.the curve of their claws

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What is the difference between artificial selection and natural selection?

• in artificial selection humans do the selection of the trait they want

• in artificial selection, the elected traits are always better than the wild traits

• in natural selection of cows, nature always prefers traits of those make more milk

• in natural selection if the giraffe has longer neck, she's most likely surviving any environmental change

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