Describe Components of the Universe Including Stars Nebulae and Galaxies and Use Models Such as the Hertzsprung-Russell

The Milky Way galaxy is described as a disk of stars orbiting a central point on the disk. Which of these best explains why people on Earth cannot see the entire shape of the Milky Way?

• Earth is a part of this galaxy
• Many more stars exist outside the galaxy
• The stars in the center of the galaxy are extremely small.
• The center of the galaxy consists of a dense cluster of stars.

Use the Hertzsprung Russell Diagram to answer the following question.  Which of these observations of Procyon is most likely accurate? 

• Procyon is less bright than the Sun, has a surface temperature below 5,000 ^oC, and is red orange.
• Procyon is brighter than the Sun, has a surface temperature below 5,000 ^oC, and is red orange.
• Procyon is brighter than the Sun, has a surface temperature of about 6,000 ^oC, and is yellow.
• Procyon is less bright than the Sun, has a surface temperature of about 6,000 ^oC, and is yellow

Based on this diagram which type of stars would belong to spectral class M and have the lowest luminosity?

• Main Sequence Stars
• Giants
• Super Giants
• White Dwarfs

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-3

Based on this diagram which type of stars would belong to spectral class G and have the highest luminosity?

• Main Sequence Stars
• Giants
• Super Giants
• White Dwarfs

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-3

Based on this diagram which type of stars would belong to spectral class B and have the lowest luminosity?

• Main Sequence Stars
• Giants
• Super Giants
• White Dwarfs

Use the Hertzsprung Russell Diagram to answer the following question.  How do the characteristics of Vega and Barnard's Star compare?

• Vega is cooler and less bright than Barnard's Star.
• Vega is hotter and brighter than Barnard's Star.
• Vega is cooler and brighter than Barnard's Star.
• Vega is hotter and less bright than Barnard's Star.

Use the Hertzsprung Russell Diagram to answer the following question.  How do the characteristics of Vega and Rigel compare?

• Vega is cooler and less bright than Rigel.
• Vega is hotter and brighter than Rigel.
• Vega is cooler and brighter than Rigel.
• Vega is hotter and less bright than Rigel.

Which of these correctly compares the masses of different objects in the universe?

• A moon has less mass than a star and more mass than the planet it orbits.
• A planet has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than the star it orbits.
• A galaxy has less mass than a moon and more mass than a planet.
• A star has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than a planet.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Use the Hertzsprung Russell Diagram to answer the following questions.  A star that is several thousand time brighter than the sun with a temperature lower than 5,000^oC and is red.

• Betelgeuse
• Deneb
• Sirius B
• Barnard's Star

Use the Hertzsprung Russell Diagram to answer the following questions.  A star that is several thousand time dimmer than the sun with a temperature higher than 6,000^oC and is white.

• Betelgeuse
• Deneb
• Sirius B
• Barnard's Star