IB ESS Topic 2 (General Review)

The total mass of living tissue at each trophic level can be shown in a(n)

• energy pyramid
• pyramid of numbers
• biomass pyramid
• biogeochemical cycle

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Why are food chains, such as the one shown, limited to 4-5 organisms?

• There are not more organisms in the ecosystem
• Organisms must share resources
• Energy transfers are inefficient
• They are only limited when organisms are living on land.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

According to the food web shown, what would occur if there were a drastic decrease in the squirrel population?

• There would be fewer vultures
• There would be more nuts and seeds.
• There would be fewer vultures & there would be more nuts and seeds.
• There would be more grass.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

At which trophic level can you find an herbivore?

• 1st Level

• 2nd Level

• 3rd Level

• 4th Level

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which organism do the owl and the weasel compete for in the food web?

• Hawk
• Spider
• Grasshopper
• Shrew

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

The arrows in a food chain or web represents what?

• They point to the organism that is being eaten.
• It shows how sunlight flows within an ecosystem.
• They show what direction the energy is flowing between organisms. 
• They represent how water is transferred within a habitat.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

Choose all abiotic factors of an environment

• temperature

• sunlight

• parasites

• primary producers

• wind

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

A population is defined as

• the individuals of a species

• a group of organisms in an ecological community

• the individuals of a species close enough in time and space to interact

• organisms in an ecological community close enough in time and space to interact

A fundamental niche is

• all conditions in which a species could survive

• the actual conditions in which a species survives

• trophic level, i.e. primary producer, secondary consumer, etc.

• the number of individuals an environment can support sustainably

A species' realized niche can be different from its fundamental niche due to -

• abiotic factors of the environment like sunlight

• interspecific interactions like competition and predation

• population fluctuating around an equilibrium level

• carrying capacity of the environment changing over time

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2